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When to choose the simple average in forecast combination

机译:何时选择预测组合中的简单平均值

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摘要

Numerous forecast combination techniques have been proposed. However, these do not systematically outperform a simple average (SA) of forecasts in empirical studies. Although it is known that this is due to instability of learned weights, managers still have little guidance on how to solve this "forecast combination puzzle", i.e., which combination method to choose in specific settings. We introduce a model determining the yet unknown asymptotic out-of-sample error variance of the two basic combination techniques: SA, where no weightings are learned, and so-called optimal weights that minimize the in-sample error variance. Using the model, we derive multi-criteria boundaries (considering training sample size and changes of the parameters which are estimated for optimal weights) to decide when to choose SA. We present an empirical evaluation which illustrates how the decision rules can be applied in practice. We find that using the decision rules is superior to all other considered combination strategies. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
机译:已经提出了许多预测组合技术。但是,在经验研究中,这些并不能系统地胜过简单的预测平均值(SA)。尽管已知这是由于学习的权重的不稳定性造成的,但是管理人员仍然对如何解决这个“预测组合难题”,即在特定设置中选择哪种组合方法的指导很少。我们介绍一种模型,该模型确定两种基本组合技术的未知的渐进样本外误差方差:SA,其中不学习加权,以及使样本内误差方差最小的所谓最佳权重。使用该模型,我们得出多准则边界(考虑培训样本大小和为最佳权重而估计的参数变化),以决定何时选择SA。我们提出了一项实证评估,它说明了如何在实践中应用决策规则。我们发现使用决策规则优于所有其他考虑的组合策略。 (C)2016 Elsevier Inc.保留所有权利。

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