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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Chemical Ecology >Trail Pheromone of Ponerine Ant Gnamptogenys striatula: 4-Methylgeranyl Esters from Dufour's Gland
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Trail Pheromone of Ponerine Ant Gnamptogenys striatula: 4-Methylgeranyl Esters from Dufour's Gland

机译：Ponerine Ant Gnamptogenys striatula的痕迹信息素：来自杜福尔腺的4-甲基香叶基酯

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摘要

Dufour's gland is the origin of the trail pheromone of Gnamptogenys striatula. Chemical analysis of the glandular extracts revealed a series of new natural products, especially esters of (2E)-3,4,7-trimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-ol (4-methylgeraniol), and (2E)-3,4,7-trimethyl-2,6-nonadien-1-ol (a bishomogeraniol isomer) with medium-chain fatty acids. Bioassays with synthetic racemates of the esters revealed that the 4-methylgeranyl esters are highly active as trail pheromones, while the bishomogeranyl esters are either marginally active or not active at all. Assays with the individual 4-methylgeranyl esters showed each of them to be inferior to the glandular secretion in eliciting trail following. However, the mixture of racemic 4-methylgeranyl octanoate and the corresponding decanoate and dodecanoate, the main Dufour's volatile constituents, is as active as the natural secretion at similar concentration. We conclude that the trail pheromone constitutes a mixture of at least the 4-methylgeranyl esters identified in the gland. Since G. striatula generally preys on small arthropods rather than monopolizing large resources, we assume that trails are rarely used during foraging, but more often during nest migration. Production of new societies in this species is generally performed by budding, a period of considerable predation risk. Utilizing trails for efficient displacement in this context is, therefore, highly adaptive. This behavioral repertoire may also provide the ants with additional means of food resource exploitation.
机译：杜福尔氏腺是Gnamptogenys striatula的踪迹信息素的起源。腺提取物的化学分析显示了一系列新的天然产物，特别是（2E）-3,4,7-三甲基-2,6-辛二烯-1-醇（4-甲基香叶醇）和（2E）-3的酯具有中链脂肪酸的，4,7-三甲基-2,6-壬二烯-1-醇（双香叶香叶醇异构体）。用酯的外消旋体进行的生物测定表明，4-甲基香叶酸酯作为尾迹信息素具有很高的活性，而双香叶锗酸酯要么具有很小的活性，要么根本没有活性。用单独的4-甲基香叶酸酯进行的测定表明，它们各自在诱发尾随后均低于腺体分泌。但是，外消旋的4-甲基香叶酸辛酸酯与相应的癸酸酯和十二烷酸酯（杜福尔的主要挥发性成分）的混合物与天然分泌物在相同浓度下的活性相同。我们得出结论，尾信息素至少构成了腺体中识别出的4-甲基香叶酯的混合物。由于条纹线虫通常捕食小型节肢动物而不是垄断大量资源，因此我们认为在觅食期间很少使用步道，而在巢穴迁徙时则更经常使用步道。在这个物种中，新社会的生产通常是通过萌芽来进行的，这是一个相当大的捕食风险时期。因此，在这种情况下利用轨迹进行有效位移是高度自适应的。这种行为方式也可能为蚂蚁提供额外的食物资源开发手段。

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