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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Cleaner Production >Eco-efficiency of paddy rice production in Northeastern Thailand: a comparison of rain-fed and irrigated cropping systems
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Eco-efficiency of paddy rice production in Northeastern Thailand: a comparison of rain-fed and irrigated cropping systems

机译：泰国东北部水稻生产的生态效率：雨养和灌溉耕作制度的比较

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摘要

Northeastern Thailand is an essential production area for high-quality fragrant rice for both domestic use and export. While rain-fed conditions still largely prevail, plans to extend irrigation are being drafted. This paper compares the advantages of rice production under irrigation and rain-fed conditions in both environmental and economic terms. Indicators of techno-economic performances were combined with environmental impact indicators based upon life cycle assessment, energy and water use analyses. Data were collected in 2010 at the farm level in 43 households of Lam Sieo Yai Basin in North-Eastern Thailand, according to 3 cropping systems, namely wet-season rain-fed (Rw), wet-season irrigated (Iw) and dry-season irrigated (Id) systems. Eco-efficiency indicators were calculated as per impact category. Wide-ranging techno-economic performances and environmental impacts were observed, while cropping practices were found to be homogeneous. Differentiation of systems originated mostly from differences in yield, which were mostly impacted by water supply. Yields vary from 2625 kg/ha in the Iw system to 2375 in the Rw system and 2188 in the Id system. The results highlight the low performances of Id systems in both techno-economic and environmental terms. Id systems require mostly blue water, while the two other systems rely primarily on green water. Id systems also require more energy and labour, due to increased water management needs. Overall, the productivity of most production factors was found to be higher in Rw and Iw systems; this results in return on investment being slightly higher in the Iw system compared to the Rw system (0.12 kg/THB and 0.11 kg/THB, respectively) and is lowest in the Id system (0.1 kg/THB) where THB is Thai baht, currency of Thailand. In Id systems, farmers need to produce twice as much rice (0.41 kg) to obtain 1 THB of net income, compared to 0.23 and 0.25 kg for Iw and Rw respectively. Emissions proved relatively similar across all 3 systems, with the exception of CH_4, which was markedly lower in Rw systems due to specific water and organic residue management. Id systems systematically emitted more nitrates, phosphates and pesticides into water sources. Rw systems showed the lowest environmental impacts per ha and per kg of paddy rice produced. GWP_(100) was higher in Id systems (5.55 kg CO_2-eq per kg of rice) compared to Iw (4.87) and Rw (2.97). Finally, Rw systems were found to be more eco-efficient in most impact categories, including Global Warming Potential. The total value product per kg of CO_2-eq emitted is 4, 2.5 and 2.2 THB in Rw, Iw, and Id systems respectively. This paper further discusses the results in view of contrasting perspectives, including societal objectives, farmer income and environmental integrity, and possible irrigation development in Northeastern Thailand.
机译：泰国东北部是国内和出口优质香米的重要生产地。尽管雨水充足的条件仍然普遍存在，但正在起草扩大灌溉的计划。本文从环境和经济角度比较了灌溉和雨育条件下水稻生产的优势。技术经济绩效指标与基于生命周期评估，能源和用水分析的环境影响指标相结合。根据三个种植系统，即湿季雨养（Rw），湿季灌溉（Iw）和干季种植，2010年在泰国东北部的Lam Sieo Yai盆地的43个家庭的农场一级收集了数据。季节灌溉（Id）系统。根据影响类别计算生态效率指标。观察到广泛的技术经济表现和环境影响，而种植实践被发现是同质的。系统的差异主要来自产量差异，而差异主要受到供水的影响。产量从Iw系统中的2625 kg / ha到Rw系统中的2375 kg / ha和Id系统中的2188 / ha。结果突出表明，Id系统在技术经济和环境方面均表现不佳。 Id系统主要需要蓝色水，而其他两个系统主要依赖绿色水。由于对水的管理需求增加，Id系统也需要更多的能源和劳动力。总体而言，发现Rw和Iw系统中大多数生产要素的生产率都较高；这导致Iw系统的投资回报率比Rw系统略高（分别为0.12 kg / THB和0.11 kg / THB），在Id系统（0.1 kg / THB）中最低，其中THB为泰铢，泰国的货币。在Id系统中，农民需要生产两倍的水稻（0.41公斤）才能获得1泰铢的净收入，而Iw和Rw分别为0.23和0.25公斤。事实证明，除CH_4外，所有三个系统的排放量均相对相似，CH_4由于特定的水和有机残留物管理而在Rw系统中显着降低。身份证系统有系统地将更多的硝酸盐，磷酸盐和农药排放到水源中。 Rw系统显示每公顷和每公斤水稻生产对环境的影响最小。与Iw（4.87）和Rw（2.97）相比，Id系统中的GWP_（100）更高（每公斤大米5.55 kg CO_2当量）。最后，在包括全球变暖潜能在内的大多数影响类别中，Rw系统被认为具有更高的生态效率。在Rw，Iw和Id系统中，每千克CO_2当量的总价值乘积分别为4、2.5和2.2 THB。本文根据不同的观点进一步讨论了结果，包括社会目标，农民收入和环境完整性以及泰国东北部可能的灌溉发展。

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  • 来源
    《Journal of Cleaner Production》 |2014年第15期|204-217|共14页
  • 作者

    K. Thanawong; S.R. Perret; C. Basset-Mens;

  • 作者单位

    Asian Institute of Technology, School of Engineering and Technology, Klong Luang, PO Box 4, 12120 Pathumthani, Thailand;

    Asian Institute of Technology, School of Engineering and Technology, Klong Luang, PO Box 4, 12120 Pathumthani, Thailand,Centre de Cooperation Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Developpement, UMR G-Eau, F-34398 Montpellier, France;

    Centre de Cooperation Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Developpement, UR HortSys, F-34398 Montpellier, France;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    Paddy rice; Irrigation; Life cycle assessment; Techno-economic analysis; Eco-efficiency;

    机译：水稻;灌溉;生命周期评估;技术经济分析;生态效率;

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