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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience >Neural Interaction between Logical Reasoning and Pragmatic Processing in Narrative Discourse
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Neural Interaction between Logical Reasoning and Pragmatic Processing in Narrative Discourse

机译：叙事语篇中逻辑推理与语用加工的神经互动

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Logical connectives (e.g., , , and ) are central to everyday conversation, and the inferences they generate are made with little effort in pragmatically sound situations. In contrast, the neural substrates of logical inference-making have been studied exclusively in abstract tasks where pragmatic concerns are minimal. Here, we used fMRI in an innovative design that employed narratives to investigate the interaction between logical reasoning and pragmatic processing in natural discourse. Each narrative contained three premises followed by a statement. In Fully-deductive stories, the statement confirmed a conclusion that followed from two steps of disjunction–elimination (e.g., Xavier considers Thursday, Friday, or Saturday for inviting his girlfriend out; he removes Thursday before he rejects Saturday and declares “I will invite her out for Friday”). In Implicated-premise stories, an otherwise identical narrative included three premises that twice removed a single option from consideration (i.e., Xavier rejects Thursday for two different reasons). The conclusion therefore necessarily prompts an implication (i.e., Xavier must have removed Saturday from consideration as well). We report two main findings. First, conclusions of Implicated-premise stories are associated with more activity than conclusions of Fully-deductive stories in a bilateral frontoparietal system, suggesting that these regions play a role in inferring an implicated premise. Second, brain connectivity between these regions increases with pragmatic abilities when reading conclusions in Implicated-premise stories. These findings suggest that pragmatic processing interacts with logical inference-making when understanding arguments in narrative discourse.
机译：逻辑连接词（例如，和）是日常对话的核心，在实用的合理情况下，它们所产生的推论却毫不费力。相比之下，逻辑推论的神经基础仅在务实关注最小的抽象任务中进行了研究。在这里，我们在创新的设计中使用了功能磁共振成像，该设计采用叙述来研究自然话语中逻辑推理与语用处理之间的相互作用。每个叙述都包含三个前提，后面是一个陈述。在完全演绎的故事中，该声明证实了从两个分离步骤中得出的结论-例如，泽维尔认为周四，周五或周六邀请他的女朋友出去；他在拒绝周六并宣布“我将邀请前”将周四删除她星期五出去”）。在牵连前提的故事中，另一段相同的叙述包括三个前提，这些前提两次将单个选项从考虑中删除（即Xavier出于两个不同的原因而拒绝了周四）。因此，该结论必然会暗示问题（即Xavier也必须将周六从考虑中删除）。我们报告了两个主要发现。首先，在双边额叶系统中，牵连前提故事的结论比完全演绎故事的结论与更多的活动相关，这表明这些区域在推断牵连的前提中起作用。第二，阅读牵连前提故事中的结论时，这些区域之间的大脑连通性随着实用能力的提高而增加。这些发现表明，在理解叙事语篇中的论点时，语用处理与逻辑推理互动。

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