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US corporate public relations in the progressive era

机译：进步时代的美国公司公共关系

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Purpose - This paper aims to explore the concept of public relations in the progressive era to gain a greater understanding of the historical development of corporate public relations in the USA. Design/methodology/approach - The paper provides historical analysis of 87 magazine articles dating from 1900 to 1917, which discussed press agentry, publicity, and public relations. Findings - In the early 1900s, publicity meant both legal requirements of corporate disclosure and press exposure of secret corporate activities. The purpose of publicity was to reveal excess and corruption. The term press agent was used in two ways. First, it was used to refer to literary and theatrical press agents, and second, it was used interchangeably with publicity agent to signify individuals hired by corporations to respond to the publicity and explain corporate policies to the public. By the second decade of the twentieth century, corporations, specifically the railroads, were using the term public relations to refer to the practice of developing relationships with the public. Originality/value - Most historical studies of public relations in the USA have described the development of the field as a linear progression or evolution from press agentry, to public information or publicity, to two-way communication. This study suggests that that linear evolutionary model is only partially accurate. At least some corporations in the progressive era had a greater understanding of the two-way street than corporations in this period normally are given credit for.
机译：目的-本文旨在探索进步时代的公共关系概念，以加深对美国公司公共关系历史发展的了解。设计/方法论/方法-本文提供了对1900年至1917年的87篇杂志文章的历史分析，这些文章讨论了新闻代理，宣传和公共关系。调查结果-在1900年代初期，宣传既意味着公司披露的法律要求，也包括对秘密公司活动的新闻曝光。宣传的目的是揭露过度和腐败。术语压榨剂以两种方式使用。首先，它被用来指代文学和戏剧新闻代理商，其次，它与宣传代理可以互换使用，以表示公司雇用的个人来响应公众的宣传并向公众解释公司政策。到20世纪第二个十年，公司，特别是铁路公司，已使用“公共关系”一词来指代与公众建立关系的实践。原创性/价值-美国大多数有关公共关系的历史研究都将这一领域的发展描述为从新闻代理商，公共信息或宣传到双向传播的线性发展或演变。这项研究表明，线性进化模型只是部分准确的。至少在进步时代，一些公司对双向路的了解比这一时期通常被认为值得的公司要大。

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