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Measuring legal systems

机译：衡量法律制度

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Factor-analytic models can substantially improve the measurement of comparative legal systems and thereby our understanding of how legal systems influence economic outcomes. These methods yield better estimates of latent constructs, allow us to evaluate whether institutional features are representative of a theoretical construct and whether allegedly distinct theoretical constructs can be separated empirically. We illustrate these points through a re-analysis of a 2003 study by Djankov, La Porta, Lopez-de-Silanes and Shleifer, using a factor-analytic method that combines continuous and categorical indicators. Our results strengthen these authors' findings with respect to how legal formalism relates to legal origin and the quality of the legal system. Yet, the results also show that many of the original index items are not significantly positively related to formalism. The results thus shed light on what institutional features should be prioritized for reform if we seek to make legal systems less formalistic. Moreover, we question the evidence that the formalism model better predicts the quality of the legal system than does the alternative "incentives" model. We argue, instead, that formalism and incentives may both relate to the tendency of a legal system to use bureaucratic rule-making. Our approach can readily be applied to the analysis of legal concepts other than formalism.
机译：因子分析模型可以大大改善比较法律体系的衡量，从而使我们了解法律体系如何影响经济成果。这些方法可以更好地估计潜在构造，使我们能够评估制度特征是否代表理论构造，以及是否可以凭经验分离出不同的理论构造。我们通过结合连续和分类指标的因子分析方法，对Djankov，La Porta，Lopez-de-Silanes和Shleifer于2003年进行的一项研究进行了重新分析，阐明了这些观点。我们的研究结果加强了这些作者关于法律形式主义如何与法律渊源和法律体系质量相关的发现。但是，结果还显示，许多原始索引项与形式主义没有显着正相关。因此，结果揭示了如果我们试图使法律制度不那么形式化，应该优先考虑哪些体制特征来进行改革。此外，我们质疑有证据表明形式主义模型比替代性“激励”模型更好地预测了法律制度的质量。相反，我们认为形式主义和激励机制都可能与法律制度使用官僚规则制定的趋势有关。我们的方法可以很容易地应用于形式主义以外的法律概念的分析。

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