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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of consumer policy >An Economic Analysis of Requirements to Prevent Handheld Hair Dryer Water Immersion Electrocutions in the USA
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An Economic Analysis of Requirements to Prevent Handheld Hair Dryer Water Immersion Electrocutions in the USA

机译：美国防止手持式电吹风机浸水触电的要求的经济分析

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Before 1987, when handheld hair dryers were not required to protect against water immersion electrocutions, there were almost 16 such electrocutions annually in the USA. This article presents a retrospective evaluation of the benefits and costs of the 1987 and 1991 immersion protection requirements of the voluntary hair dryer safety standard in the USA. The benefits are based on estimates of the reduced risk of electrocution resulting from the requirements, and the valuation of the reduced risk derived from willingness to pay studies of the "value of statistical life" found in the economics literature. The costs were defined as the incremental costs associated with incorporating the immersion protection technology into handheld hair dryers. The study found that the requirements were highly effective and may have reduced the immersion-related mortality rate by almost 97%. The expected present value of the estimated benefits of the requirements amounted to about $4.56 per dryer in 2014 dollars and substantially exceeded the costs of about $2 per dryer. The primary outcome measure, the expected net benefits (i.e., benefits minus costs) of the requirements, amounted to an average of about $2.56 per hair dryer, over the hair dryer's expected product life. Given sales of about 23 million handheld hair dryers annually, the present value of the expected net benefits associated with 1 year's production would have amounted to about $58.9 million. A sensitivity analysis showed that the major findings were robust with respect to changes in the underlying parameters of the analysis. The study also discusses the factors leading to a high rate of effectiveness estimated for the immersion protection requirements.
机译：1987年之前，当不需要手持式电吹风来防止水浸电死刑时，美国每年大约有16种电死刑。本文对美国自愿性吹风机安全标准的1987年和1991年浸入保护要求的收益和成本进行了回顾性评估。收益是基于对由要求导致的触电降低的风险的估计，以及对降低的风险的评估，这些降低的价值源于对经济学文献中发现的“统计生命值”进行研究的意愿。成本定义为与将浸入保护技术整合到手持式吹风机中相关的增量成本。研究发现，这些要求非常有效，与浸入相关的死亡率可能降低了近97％。要求的估计效益的预期现值在2014年以每台烘干机约为4.56美元，大大超过了每台烘干机2美元的成本。主要结果指标是要求的预期净收益（即收益减去成本），在吹风机的预期产品寿命内，每台吹风机的平均收益约为2.56美元。假设每年销售约2300万个手持式吹风机，则与1年生产相关的预期净收益的现值将达到约5890万美元。敏感性分析表明，主要分析结果对分析基本参数的变化具有鲁棒性。该研究还讨论了导致沉浸防护要求高效率的因素。

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