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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of consumer policy >The Affordability of Energy: How Much Protection for the Vulnerable Consumers?
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The Affordability of Energy: How Much Protection for the Vulnerable Consumers?

机译：能源的承受能力：为弱势消费者提供多少保护？

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Affordability is a new "alien" concept penetrating the field of contract and consumer law as one of the obligations related to the provision of "universal services" or "public service" in the context of services of general economic interest. Affordability becomes an important element of the European social model (using Scharfs terminology; Scharf, J Common Mark Stud 40:645-670, 2002) and its constitutional dimension will be confirmed by the Treaty of Lisbon and the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (EU). The major European Commission policy tool for ensuring the Affordability of Energy Supply is, on the one hand, functioning competition, which should bring about reasonable prices in general, and on the other hand, regulation targeted at so-called vulnerable consumers. First tested in the UK, it was later spread mainly by the requirements of the Second Energy Package in other Member States (MS). The Third Energy Package (to be implemented by March 2011) further develops this idea and" clarifies the set of obligations that the protection of consumers and ensuring the Affordability of Energy Supply require in the understanding of the EU legislator. One could speculate to what extent this is a reaction to the fact that some MS and, in particular, the new MS did not implement the consumer protection requirements of the Second Energy Package, but rather opted for very different regulatory strategies. This paper will examine different regulatory strategies employed in four MS (the UK, France, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia), with special focus on the situation in the two new MS, in order to respond to the question as to whether these different regulatory strategies provide what is promised, i.e., affordable energy for all.
机译：负担能力是一种新的“外来”概念，它渗透到合同法和消费者法领域，是在具有一般经济利益的服务范围内与提供“普遍服务”或“公共服务”有关的义务之一。负担能力成为欧洲社会模式的重要组成部分（使用Scharfs术语； Scharf，J Common Mark Stud 40：645-670，2002年），其宪法意义将由《里斯本条约》和《欧洲基本权利宪章》确认。联盟（EU）。欧盟委员会确保能源可承受能力的主要政策工具，一方面是有效的竞争，通常应带来合理的价格，另一方面，针对所谓的弱势消费者的监管。它首先在英国进行测试，后来主要在其他成员国（MS）中通过第二能源计划的要求进行推广。第三套能源计划（将于2011年3月实施）进一步发展了这一构想，并“阐明了在保护欧盟立法者的理解方面保护消费者和确保能源供应的可负担性的一系列义务。人们可以推测到何种程度这是对以下事实的反应：某些成员国，尤其是新成员国，没有实施《第二能源计划》的消费者保护要求，而是选择了截然不同的监管策略。本文将研究在四个方面采用的不同监管策略。 MS（英国，法国，捷克共和国和斯洛伐克），特别关注两个新MS的情况，以回答有关这些不同监管策略是否提供了所承诺的东西的问题，即负担得起的能源对所有人。

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