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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of dairy research >Microbiological quality of milk from farms to milk powder manufacture: an industrial case study
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Microbiological quality of milk from farms to milk powder manufacture: an industrial case study

机译：从农场到奶粉生产的牛奶的微生物质量：工业案例研究

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The experiments reported in this research paper aimed to track the microbiological load of milk throughout a low-heat skim milk powder (SMP) manufacturing process, from farm bulk tanks to final powder, during mid- and late-lactation (spring and winter, respectively). In the milk powder processing plant studied, low-heat SMP was produced using only the milk supplied by the farms involved in this study. Samples of milk were collected from farm bulk tanks (mid-lactation: 67 farms; late-lactation: 150 farms), collection tankers (CTs), whole milk silo (WMS), skim milk silo (SMS), cream silo (CS) and final SMP. During mid-lactation, the raw milk produced on-farm and transported by the CTs had better microbiological quality than the late-lactation raw milk (e.g., total bacterial count (TBC): 3.60 +/- 0.55 and 4.37 +/- 0.62 log 10 cfu/ml, respectively). After pasteurisation, reductions in TBC, psychrotrophic (PBC) and proteolytic (PROT) bacterial counts were of lower magnitude in late-lactation than in mid-lactation milk, while thermoduric (LPC-laboratory pasteurisation count) and thermophilic (THERM) bacterial counts were not reduced in both periods. The microbiological quality of the SMP produced was better when using mid-lactation than late-lactation milk (e.g., TBC: 2.36 +/- 0.09 and 3.55 +/- 0.13 cfu/g, respectively), as mid-lactation raw milk had better quality than late-lactation milk. The bacterial counts of some CTs and of the WMS samples were higher than the upper confidence limit predicted using the bacterial counts measured in the farm milk samples, indicating that the transport conditions or cleaning protocols could have influenced the microbiological load. Therefore, during the different production seasons, appropriate cow management and hygiene practices (on-farm and within the factory) are necessary to control the numbers of different bacterial groups in milk, as those can influence the effectiveness of thermal treatments and consequently affect final product quality.
机译：该研究报告中的实验旨在追踪泌乳中期和晚期（分别是春季和冬季）从农场散装罐到最终奶粉的整个低热量脱脂奶粉（SMP）生产过程中的微生物负荷。 ）。在所研究的奶粉加工厂中，仅使用本研究涉及的农场提供的牛奶来生产低热量SMP。从农场的散装储罐（中期泌乳：67个农场；后期泌乳：150个农场），收集罐车（CT），全脂奶仓（WMS），脱脂奶仓（SMS），奶油仓（CS）收集牛奶样品最后的SMP。在泌乳中期，在农场生产并由CTs运送的生乳比泌乳后期的生乳具有更好的微生物质量（例如，总细菌数（TBC）：3.60 +/- 0.55和4.37 +/- 0.62 log 10 cfu / ml）。巴氏消毒后，TBC，精神营养（PBC）和蛋白水解（PROT）细菌计数的减少在泌乳后期比泌乳中期的数量要少，而热双性（LPC实验室巴氏消毒）和嗜热（THERM）细菌的数量减少。在两个期间都没有减少。当使用哺乳中期时产生的SMP的微生物质量要好于哺乳后期（例如，TBC：分别为2.36 +/- 0.09和3.55 +/- 0.13 cfu / g），因为泌乳中期的生乳更好。质量要比哺乳期晚。一些CT和WMS样品的细菌计数高于使用农场牛奶样品中测得的细菌计数预测的置信上限，表明运输条件或清洁方案可能已经影响了微生物负荷。因此，在不同的生产季节，必须采取适当的奶牛管理和卫生措施（农场内和工厂内）来控制牛奶中不同细菌群的数量，因为它们会影响热处理的效果并因此影响最终产品。质量。

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