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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of dairy research >Expression and nutritional regulation of lipogenic genes in mammary gland and adipose tissues of lactating goats
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Expression and nutritional regulation of lipogenic genes in mammary gland and adipose tissues of lactating goats

机译：产脂基因在泌乳山羊乳腺和脂肪组织中的表达及其营养调控

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While the effect of long-chain fatty acids on adipose tissue (AT) lipogenic activities has been described in non-lactating ruminants (Vernon, 1977), little is known about their effects on the mammary gland and the AT in lactating animals. However, in cows in mid lactation, duodenal rapeseed oil infusion decreased the rate of fatty acid (FA) synthesis in AT and increased milk yield of long-chain FA (18:1, 18:2 and 18:3) and decreased medium-chain FA (14:0 and 16:0), suggesting a depressive effect of fat feeding on mammary lipid synthesis de novo (Chilliard et al. 1991). On the other hand, in goat species, the addition of vegetable lipids to the diet led to an increase in the milk fat content and yield (Chilliard et al. 2003) suggesting that the possible negative effect of long-chain FA on FA synthesis in the lactating mammary gland could be more than compensated by increasing the supply of FA brought to the mammary gland for milk synthesis. Elsewhere, AT from various anatomical sites are characterized by different FA composition in goat (Bas et al. 1987) together with different patterns of lipogenic gene expression in sheep (Barber et al. 2000). These results suggest that each AT site is characterized by a specific metabolism: However, in lactating ruminants, few data are available on the extent of expression and regulation of genes coding for lipogenic enzymes in AT. Therefore, the current study was performed in three lipogenic tissues of lactating goats, namely the mammary gland, an internal AT site (perirenal AT) and an external AT site (subcutaneous AT). This study examined the influence of the addition of dietary long-chain FA, provided by soybeans, on the mRNA abundance of four key lipogenic enzymes: lipoprotein lipase (LPL), involved in the uptake of FA by tissues, acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase (FAS), implicated in the pathway of fatty acid synthesis de novo and stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), involved in the Δ9-desaturation of FA. Regulation of SCD is of considerable physiological importance because it influences the composition of fatty acids in animal tissues, including AT (Daniel et al. 2004), as well as in milk (Griinari et al. 2000). In addition, we measured the activities of LPL, FAS, glycerol-3-phosphale-dehydro-genase (G3PDH), glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase (G6PDH), and malic enzyme (ME) to assess the capacities of the tissues for FA captation, FA synthesis, FA esterifi-cation, and NADPH generation for FA synthesis de novo.
机译：虽然在非泌乳反刍动物中已经描述了长链脂肪酸对脂肪组织（AT）脂肪形成活性的影响（Vernon，1977），但关于它们对泌乳动物的乳腺和AT的影响知之甚少。但是，在泌乳中期的母牛中，十二指肠菜籽油的输注降低了AT中脂肪酸（FA）的合成速率，并增加了长链FA（18：1、18：2和18：3）的产奶量，并降低了链FA（14：0和16：0），表明脂肪喂养对从头的乳脂合成具有抑制作用（Chilliard等，1991）。另一方面，在山羊种中，在日粮中添加植物脂质会导致乳脂含量和单产的增加（Chilliard等，2003），这表明长链脂肪酸可能对脂肪酸的合成产生负面影响。哺乳期乳腺可以通过增加乳腺合成乳汁中FA的供应来补偿。在其他地方，来自不同解剖部位的AT的特征是山羊的FA组成不同（Bas等，1987）以及绵羊中的脂肪形成基因表达的模式不同（Barber等，2000）。这些结果表明，每个AT位点都具有特定的代谢特征：但是，在哺乳反刍动物中，关于AT中编码脂肪酶的基因表达和调控程度的数据很少。因此，目前的研究是在哺乳山羊的三个脂肪形成组织中进行的，即乳腺，内部AT部位（周围性AT）和外部AT部位（皮下AT）。这项研究检查了大豆提供的饮食中长链脂肪酸对四种主要脂肪酶的mRNA丰度的影响：脂蛋白脂肪酶（LPL），参与组织对脂肪的吸收，乙酰辅酶A羧化酶（ACC） ）和脂肪酸合酶（FAS），涉及脂肪酸从头合成和硬脂酰CoA去饱和酶（SCD）的途径，涉及FA的Δ9去饱和。 SCD的调节具有重要的生理重要性，因为它会影响动物组织（包括AT）（Daniel等，2004）以及牛奶（Griinari等，2000）中脂肪酸的组成。此外，我们测量了LPL，FAS，甘油3-磷酸脱氢酶（G3PDH），葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶（G6PDH）和苹果酸酶（ME）的活性，以评估组织的抗氧化能力。从头开始进行FA合成，FA合成，FA酯化和NADPH生成。

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