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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of dairy science >Feeding strategies and manure management for cost-effective mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions from dairy farms in Wisconsin
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Feeding strategies and manure management for cost-effective mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions from dairy farms in Wisconsin

机译：威斯康星州奶牛场的饲养策略和粪便管理，以具有成本效益的方式减少了温室气体的排放

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Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from dairy farms are a major concern. Our objectives were to assess the effect of mitigation strategies on GHG emissions and net return to management on 3 distinct farm production systems of Wisconsin. A survey was conducted on 27 conventional farms, 30 grazing farms, and 69 organic farms. The data collected were used to characterize 3 feeding systems scaled to the average farm (85 cows and 127 ha). The Integrated Farm System Model was used to simulate the economic and environmental impacts of altering feeding and manure management in those 3 farms. Results showed that incorporation of grazing practices for lactating cows in the conventional farm led to a 27.6% decrease in total GHG emissions [-0.16 kg of CO_2 equivalents (CO_2eq)/kg of energy corrected milk (ECM)] and a 29.3% increase in net return to management (+$7,005/yr) when milk production was assumed constant. For the grazing and organic farms, decreasing the forage-to-concentrate ratio in the diet decreased GHG emissions when milk production was increased by 5 or 10%. The 5% increase in milk production was not sufficient to maintain the net return; however, the 10% increase in milk production increased net return in the organic farm but not on the grazing farm. A 13.7% decrease in GHG emissions (-0.08 kg of CO_2eq/kg of ECM) was observed on the conventional farm when incorporating manure the day of application and adding a 12-mo covered storage unit. However, those same changes led to a 6.1% (+0.04 kg of CO_2eq/kg of ECM) and a 6.9% (+0.06 kg of CO_2eq/ kg of ECM) increase in GHG emissions in the grazing and the organic farms, respectively. For the 3 farms, manure management changes led to a decrease in net return to management. Simulation results suggested that the same feeding and manure management mitigation strategies led to different outcomes depending on the farm system, and furthermore, effective mitigation strategies were used to reduce GHG emissions while maintaining profitability within each farm.
机译：奶牛场的温室气体排放是一个主要问题。我们的目标是评估威斯康星州3种不同的农业生产系统上的减排策略对温室气体排放和净回报的影响。对27个常规农场，30个牧场和69个有机农场进行了调查。收集到的数据用于表征按平均农场规模（85头母牛和127公顷）缩放的3种饲喂系统。综合农场系统模型用于模拟这三个农场改变饲喂和粪便管理的经济和环境影响。结果表明，在常规农场中采用放牧方式饲养奶牛会导致总温室气体排放量降低27.6％[-0.16千克CO_2当量（CO_2eq）/千克能量校正奶（ECM）]，而温室气体排放量增加29.3％。假设牛奶产量恒定，则管理层的净回报（每年增加$ 7,005）。对于放牧和有机农场，当牛奶产量增加5％或10％时，减少饲料中草料与精料的比例可减少温室气体排放。牛奶产量增加5％不足以维持净收益。然而，牛奶产量增加10％可以增加有机农场的净收益，但不会增加放牧农场的净收益。在常规农场中，在施肥当天加入粪便并添加12个月的有盖存储单元，可观察到温室气体排放量降低了13.7％（-0.08千克CO_2eq /千克ECM）。但是，这些相同的变化导致放牧和有机农场的温室气体排放分别增加了6.1％（+ 0.04千克CO_2eq / kg ECM）和6.9％（+ 0.06千克CO_2eq / kg ECM）。对于这三个农场，粪便管理的变化导致管理净收益的下降。模拟结果表明，相同的饲喂和粪便管理缓解策略根据农场系统导致不同的结果，此外，有效的缓解策略用于减少温室气体排放，同时保持每个农场的盈利能力。

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