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When to make proprietary software open source

机译：何时使专有软件开源

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摘要

Software can be distributed closed source (proprietary) or open source (developed collaboratively). While a firm cannot sell open source software, and so loses potential sales revenue, the open source software development process can have a substantial positive impact on the quality of a software, its diffusion, and, consequently, the demand for a complementary product from which the firm does profit. Previous papers have considered the firm's option to release software under a closed or open source license as a simple once and for all binary choice. We extend this jesearch by allowing for the possibility of keeping software proprietary for soqje optimally determined finite time period before making it open source. Furthermore, we study the impact of switching costs. We show that in case of high in-house R&D costs, the firm always makes the software open source at some point (unless switching itself is too expensive). The timing, however, depends on the initial software quality. On the other hand, when R&D is inexpensive, the firm opens the source code only when the initial level of software quality is low. For intermediate R&D costs, the firm might have the choice between opening the code immediately, opening it at some subsequent and optimally determined time, or keeping it closed forever. Finally we find that whereas high switching costs might prevent firms from adopting an open source business model, low switching costs mainly affect the timing of the opening of the source code.
机译：软件可以是封闭源（专有）的分布式软件，也可以是开放源（协同开发）的软件。虽然一家公司无法销售开源软件，从而损失了潜在的销售收入，但是开源软件开发过程可能会对软件质量，其扩散以及因此对互补产品的需求产生重大的积极影响。公司确实盈利。以前的论文都认为该公司选择以封闭或开放源代码许可发布软件是一次简单且一劳永逸的二进制选择。我们通过允许在开放源码之前最佳确定的有限时间段内保留软件专有性的可能性来扩展此搜索。此外，我们研究了转换成本的影响。我们表明，在内部研发成本很高的情况下，公司总是在某个时候使软件开源（除非切换本身太昂贵）。但是，时间取决于初始软件质量。另一方面，在研发费用不高的情况下，公司仅在软件质量的初始水平较低时才打开源代码。对于中间的研发成本，公司可以选择立即打开代码，在随后的最佳确定时间打开代码或永久关闭代码。最终，我们发现，尽管较高的转换成本可能会阻止公司采用开放源代码业务模型，但是较低的转换成本主要影响开放源代码的时间。

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  • 来源
    《Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control》 |2013年第6期|1182-1194|共13页
  • 作者

    Jonathan P. Caulkins; Gustav Feichtinger; Dieter Grass; Richard F. Hartl; Peter M. Kort; Andrea Seidl;

  • 作者单位

    Carnegie Mellon University, H. John Heinz III College, Pittsburgh, PA, USA;

    Department for Operations Research and Control Systems, Institute for Mathematical Methods in Economics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria,Wittgenstein Center for Demography and Global Human Capital (IIASA,VID/OEAW,WU), Vienna Institute of Demography/Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria;

    Department for Operations Research and Control Systems, Institute for Mathematical Methods in Economics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria;

    Department of Business Administration, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria;

    Department of Econometrics and Operations Research & CentER, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands,Department of Economics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium;

    Department for Operations Research and Control Systems, Institute for Mathematical Methods in Economics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria,Wittgenstein Center for Demography and Global Human Capital (IIASA,VID/OEAW,WU), Vienna Institute of Demography/Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    open source; optimal control; multi-stage modeling; complementary product; software;

    机译：开源;最优控制;多阶段建模;互补产品;软件;

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