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Development Processes Seen Through Non-Marginalist Lenses with Considerations of Complementarities

机译：非边际主义视角下考虑互补性的发展过程

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摘要

Marginalism has deeply shaped neoclassical concepts and analytical tools that are applied to development economics. With a static notion of efficiency defined for a state of competitive equilibrium, neoclassical economists study development in equilibrium frameworks, regarding underdevelopment as the consequence of market failures. How might one, who is not equipped with marginalist lenses, look at development processes as they unfold in history? Prior to the emergence of marginalism such observations abounded in the works of the so-called protectionists, where ever-evolving production complementarities figure prominently, and there were considerations of indivisibility. In the postwar era, this is present in the works of some early development economists, especially Albert Hirschman in his employment of backward and forward production linkages to characterize development processes, which are viewed as unfolding series of disequilibria. Historical sequences of events reflect path-dependence and they feedback on each other to exhibit circular and cumulative causation. One thing leads to another, or some things lead to others and so on, including institutional changes. However, the activation of linkages could encounter obstacles, with "technological strangeness" being one, in which case sequential policy intervention could be warranted. This article briefly considers differences with the neoclassical approach in generating policy recommendations.
机译：边缘主义深刻地塑造了新古典主义的概念和分析工具，这些概念和分析工具被用于发展经济学。通过为竞争均衡状态定义静态的效率概念，新古典经济学家研究了均衡框架中的发展，将发展不足归因于市场失灵。没有边缘主义视角的人如何看待历史发展过程中的发展过程？在边缘主义出现之前，这种观点在所谓的贸易保护主义者的著作中充斥着，在这些著作中，不断发展的生产互补性占据了主导地位，并且考虑了不可分割性。在战后时代，这出现在一些早期发展经济学家的著作中，尤其是阿尔伯特·赫希曼（Albert Hirschman）在利用前向和后向生产联系来表征发展过程的过程中，这被视为一系列不平衡现象。事件的历史顺序反映了路径依赖性，它们相互反馈以表现出循环和累积因果关系。一件事导致另一件事，或者某些事情导致其他事情，等等，包括制度上的变化。但是，联系的激活可能会遇到障碍，其中“技术怪异”就是其中之一，在这种情况下，有必要采取相继的政策干预措施。本文简要地考虑了与新古典主义方法在产生政策建议方面的差异。

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