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Thermal management for energy storage system for smart grid

机译：智能电网储能系统的热管理

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This paper is about the design and implementation of a thermal management of an energy storage system (ESS) for smart grid. It uses refurbished lithium-ion (li-ion) batteries that are disposed from electric vehicles (EVs) as they can hold up to 80% of their initial rated capacity. This system is aimed at prolonging the usable life of li-ion EV batteries by reusing them for energy storage. However, the high value of the internal resistance of refurbished batteries generates more heat and consequently accelerates further their aging process as their operating temperature plays a vital role on their reliability, lifespan, safety and performance. Battery Thermal Management System (BTMS) must keep the operating temperature of the battery pack between −10 °C and 40 °C in order to achieve good performances and long lifespan. Active BTMS consumes energy from the pack and reduces its available capacity. In order to reduce this adverse impact, this paper presents a novel approach that takes advantage of the non-uniform surface distribution of li-ion battery cell, which results from complex reactions inside the cell. First, li-ion hotspots were identified and found next to the positive and negative tabs. Then, thermoelectric coolers (TECs) are mounted next to the tabs and in the center of the li-ion battery. A control circuit is designed to turn on and off TECs in order to reduce the parasitic power feeding the proposed system, referred to as modular battery thermal management system (MBTMS). Experimental results show the performance of the MBTMS under normal conditions, such as an ambient temperature of 25 °C and a discharge rate of C/1 to 2C, and under extreme conditions, such as 40 °C and 3C discharge rate. Finally, its performance is compared against a compatible BTMS based on forced air flow. The experimental results show the feasibility of the proposed system.
机译：本文是关于智能电网储能系统（ESS）的热管理的设计和实现。它使用从电动汽车（EV）弃置的翻新锂离子（li-ion）电池，因为它们最多可容纳其初始额定容量的80％。该系统旨在通过重新使用锂离子电动汽车电池进行储能来延长其使用寿命。然而，翻新电池的高内阻值会产生更多的热量，因此会进一步加速其老化过程，因为它们的工作温度对其可靠性，寿命，安全性和性能起着至关重要的作用。电池热管理系统（BTMS）必须将电池组的工作温度保持在-10°C至40°C之间，以实现良好的性能和较长的使用寿命。主动式BTMS会消耗电池组中的能量并降低其可用容量。为了减少这种不利影响，本文提出了一种新颖的方法，该方法利用了锂离子电池单元的不均匀表面分布，这种不均匀表面分布是由电池内部的复杂反应导致的。首先，确定锂离子热点，并在正极和负极选项卡旁边找到它们。然后，将热电冷却器（TEC）安装在凸耳旁边并位于锂离子电池的中央。设计一种控制电路来打开和关闭TEC，以减少所建议系统的寄生功率，该系统称为模块化电池热管理系统（MBTMS）。实验结果表明，MBTMS在正常条件下（例如25°C的环境温度和C / 1至2C的放电速率）以及在极端条件下（例如40°C和3C的放电速率）的性能。最后，将其性能与基于强制气流的兼容BTMS进行比较。实验结果表明了该系统的可行性。

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