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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Environmental Management >Unravelling disposal benefits derived from underutilized brewing spent products in Tanzania
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Unravelling disposal benefits derived from underutilized brewing spent products in Tanzania

机译：充分利用坦桑尼亚未充分利用的酿造废品带来的处置收益

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The valorization of raw materials including grain barley, hops, and yeasts, consumption of natural resources like water and energy (heat and electric), use of fertilizers and/or organic substrates, and pesticides in brewing is a global concern. The disposal benefits associated with the spent grain, surplus hops, and surplus yeast is economically and environmentally unrecovered in Sub-Saharan Africa, in which Tanzania is also included. Literature synthesis showed that Tanzania is the 8th worldwide in brewing producing over 4.3 million hL or 430 million litres but depends largely on the imported raw materials such as deficit barley, yeast, and hops. Breweries import 10,500-11,500 tons of barley annually and undocumented quantities of hops and yeast. In the brewing process, every 100 L of beer produces approx. 20 kg of spent grain equivalent to 85% of all by-products hence 15% is for surplus hops and yeast. Much water and energy are consumed in brewing displaying negative impact on these natural resources. In digested surplus yeast H2S and NH3 gases are released where S and N are nutrients to plants and it has importance as an energy source through biogas. Over 4.3 x 10(6) hL or 4.3 x 10(8) L of beer produced in 2016, for example, required total thermal energy of 150,500,000 kWh but only 133,300,000 kWh would have been consumed with the use of biogas as it would have produced 17,200,000 kWh. Total of TZS 36,452,605,000/ = or $ 16,129,471 was incurred only in brewing thermal energy but the inclusion of biogas would have saved TZS 4,196,012,000/ = or $ 1,843,368 based on the TANESCO tariffs of TZS 242.21/ = per kWh. The Government gained over TZS 345 billion as corporate, excise, and value-added taxes. These value addition to disposal options display alternatives to environmental conservation, utilization of natural resources, and overcoming carbon-pint (CO2) emission into the atmosphere. It is recommended that the significances of these by-products for food, feed, pharmaceuticals, biogas, and soil fertility are scientifically evaluated.
机译：酿造过程中，包括大麦，啤酒花和酵母在内的原材料的增值，水和能源（热和电）等自然资源的消耗，化肥和/或有机底物的使用以及农药的使用是全球关注的问题。在撒哈拉以南非洲（包括坦桑尼亚在内）在经济上和环境上都无法收回与废谷物，多余啤酒花和多余酵母相关的处置收益。文献综合显示，坦桑尼亚是全球第八大酿酒厂，产量超过430万升或4.3亿升，但很大程度上取决于进口的原料，例如大麦，酵母和啤酒花。啤酒厂每年进口10,500-11,500吨大麦，未记录啤酒花和酵母的数量。在酿造过程中，每100升啤酒产生大约20公斤废谷物相当于所有副产品的85％，因此15％用于多余的啤酒花和酵母。酿造过程中消耗了大量的水和能量，对这些自然资源产生了负面影响。在消化过剩的酵母中，会释放出H2S和NH3气体，其中S和N是植物的养分，它作为通过沼气的能源非常重要。例如，2016年生产的啤酒超过4.3 x 10（6）hL或4.3 x 10（8）L，要求的总热能为150,500,000 kWh，但使用沼气仅会消耗133,300,000 kWh 17,200,000千瓦时仅在酿造热能中发生的总费用为36,452,605,000 TZS或16,129,471美元，但基于TANESCO的TZS 242.21 / =千瓦时电价，沼气的掺入将节省4,196,012,000 TZS或1,843,368美元。政府获得了超过3450亿TZS的公司税，消费税和增值税。这些处理选项的附加值显示了环境保护，自然资源利用和克服向大气排放碳品脱（CO2）的替代方案。建议科学评估这些副产物对食品，饲料，药品，沼气和土壤肥力的重要性。

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