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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Environmental Management >Development of the Metropolitan Water Availability Index (MWAI) and short-term assessment with multi-scale remote sensing technologies
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Development of the Metropolitan Water Availability Index (MWAI) and short-term assessment with multi-scale remote sensing technologies

机译：制定大城市用水量指数（MWAI）并使用多尺度遥感技术进行短期评估

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Global climate change will influence environmental conditions including temperature, surface radiation, soil moisture, and sea level, and it will also significantly impact regional-scale hydrologic processes such as evapotranspiration (ET), precipitation, runoff, and snowmelt. The quantity and quality of water available for drinking and other domestic usage is also likely to be affected by changes in these processes. Consequently, it is necessary to assess and reflect upon the challenges ahead for water infrastructure and the general public in metropolitan regions. One approach to the problem is to use index-based assessment, forecasting and planning. The drought indices previously developed were not developed for domestic water supplies, and thus are insufficient for the purpose of such an assessment This paper aims to propose and develop a "Metropolitan Water Availability Index (MWAI)" to assess the status of both the quantity and quality of available potable water sources diverted from the hydrologic cycle in a metropolitan region. In this approach, the accessible water may be expressed as volume per month or week (i.e., m~3/month or m~3/week) relative to a prescribed historical record, and such a trend analysis may result in final MWAI values ranging from -1 to +1 for regional water management decision making. The MWAI computation uses data and information from both historical point measurements and spatial remote-sensing based monitoring. Variables such as precipitation, river discharge, and water quality changes at drinking water plant intakes at specific locations are past "point" measurements in MWAI calculations. On the other hand, remote sensing provides information on both spatial and temporal distributions of key variables. Examples of remote-sensing images and sensor network technologies are in-situ sensor networks, ground-based radar, air-borne aircraft, and even space-borne satellites. A case study in Tampa Bay, Florida is described to demonstrate the short-term assessment of the MWAI concept at a practical level. It is anticipated that such a forecasting methodology may be extended for middle-term and long-term water supply assessment.
机译：全球气候变化将影响环境条件，包括温度，地表辐射，土壤湿度和海平面，还将显着影响区域规模的水文过程，例如蒸散量（ET），降水，径流和融雪。可用于饮用和其他家庭使用的水的数量和质量也可能受到这些过程变化的影响。因此，有必要评估并反思大城市地区水利基础设施和公众面临的挑战。解决该问题的一种方法是使用基于索引的评估，预测和计划。先前制定的干旱指数并未针对家庭供水而制定，因此不足以进行此类评估。本文旨在提出和制定“大城市用水量指数（MWAI）”，以评估数量和状态的状况。大城市地区从水文循环转向的可用饮用水的质量。在这种方法中，可获取的水量可以表示为相对于规定的历史记录的每月或每周的体积（即，m〜3 /月或m〜3 /周），并且这种趋势分析可能会导致最终的MWAI值在从-1到+1进行区域水管理决策。 MWAI计算使用历史点测量和基于空间遥感的监测中的数据和信息。 MWAI计算中的变量（例如降水，河流流量和饮用水厂特定位置取水口处的水质变化）已超过了“点”度量。另一方面，遥感提供了有关关键变量的时空分布的信息。遥感图像和传感器网络技术的示例包括原位传感器网络，地基雷达，机载飞机，甚至是星载卫星。描述了在佛罗里达州坦帕湾的一个案例研究，以在实际水平上展示对MWAI概念的短期评估。可以预期，这种预测方法可以扩展到中期和长期供水评估。

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