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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Environmental Management >Regional economic impacts of Grand Canyon river runners
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Regional economic impacts of Grand Canyon river runners

机译：大峡谷河道的区域经济影响

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摘要

Economic impact analysis (EIA) of outdoor recreation can provide critical social information concerning the utilization of natural resources. Outdoor recreation and other non-consumptive uses of resources are viewed as environmentally friendly alternatives to extractive-type industries. While outdoor recreation can be an appropriate use of resources, it generates both beneficial and adverse socioeconomic impacts on rural communities. The authors used EIA to assess the regional economic impacts of rafting in Grand Canyon National Park. The Grand Canyon region of northern Arizona represents a rural US economy that is highly dependent upon tourism and recreational expenditures. The purpose of this research is twofold. The first is to ascertain the previously unknown regional economic impacts of Grand Canyon river runners. The second purpose is to examjne attributes of these economic impacts in terms of regional multipliers, leakage, and types of employment created. Most of the literature on economic impacts of outdoor recreation has focused strictly on the positive economic impacts, failing to illuminate the coinciding adverse and constraining economic impacts. Examining the attributes of economic impacts can highlight deficiencies and constraints that limit the economic benefits of recreation and tourism. Regional expenditure information was obtained by surveying non-commercial boaters and commercial outfitters. The authors used IMPLAN input-output modeling to assess direct, indirect, and induced effects of Grand Canyon river runners. Multipliers were calculated for output, employment, and income. Over 22,000 people rafted on the Colorado River through Grand Canyon National Park in 2001, resulting in an estimated $21,100,000 of regional expenditures to the greater Grand Canyon economy. However, over 50% of all rafting-related expenditures were not captured by the regional economy and many of the jobs created by the rafting industry are lower-wage and seasonal. Policy recommendations are given for increasing the regional retention of rafting expenditures and for understanding both the beneficial and adverse impacts that accompany outdoor recreation in rural areas.
机译：户外休闲的经济影响分析（EIA）可以提供有关利用自然资源的重要社会信息。户外娱乐活动和其他非消耗性资源的使用被视为采掘业的环保替代方案。虽然户外休闲可以适当地利用资源，但它对农村社区产生了有利和不利的社会经济影响。作者使用EIA评估了大峡谷国家公园漂流对区域经济的影响。亚利桑那州北部的大峡谷地区代表着美国的乡村经济，高度依赖旅游业和娱乐支出。这项研究的目的是双重的。首先是要确定大峡谷河道的区域经济影响。第二个目的是从区域乘数，渗漏和创造的就业类型等方面来检查这些经济影响的属性。关于户外休闲活动的经济影响的大多数文献都严格地将注意力集中在积极的经济影响上，未能阐明同时发生的不利影响和制约性的经济影响。检查经济影响的属性可能会突出限制娱乐和旅游业经济利益的缺陷和限制。区域支出信息是通过对非商业划船者和商业装备者进行调查而获得的。作者使用IMPLAN输入输出模型来评估大峡谷河道的直接，间接和诱发的影响。计算产出，就业和收入的乘数。 2001年，超过22,000人在科罗拉多河上漂流，穿越大峡谷国家公园，为大峡谷经济带来了约21,100,000美元的区域性支出。然而，所有与漂流有关的支出中，有超过50％未被区域经济捕获，并且漂流行业创造的许多就业机会属于低薪和季节性工作。提出了政策建议，以增加对漂流支出的区域保留，并了解农村地区户外休闲活动的利弊。

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