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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Environmental Management >Implications of changing national policies on land use in the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh
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Implications of changing national policies on land use in the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh

机译：孟加拉国吉大港山区改变国家土地使用政策的影响

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Land use in the Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT) of Bangladesh had undergone changes over the past several centuries. The landscape, which was mostly covered with forest with interspersed shifting cultivation plots until the beginning of the colonial period, has gradually changed into a landscape with a blend of land uses. Overall, the forest area has gradually declined, while the area under shifting cultivation and sedentary agriculture has expanded. The process of the change was multi-directional. National forestry, land use, land taxation, population migration polices, and development activities, such as construction of a hydroelectric dam and roads, played an important role in this process. Shifting cultivation had inflicted little damage on the forest until the beginning of the colonial period. The pace of deforestation accelerated with the nationalization of forests which abolished tribal people's customary use and management rights to the forest, and allowed large-scale commercial logging both legally and illegally. The pace was further intensified by the policy encouraging population migration to CHT and construction of a reservoir on the Karnafuli River. Efforts were made to replace shifting cultivation with more productive types of sedentary agriculture. However, much change could not take place in the absence of secure land rights, supportive trade policies, and the required support services and facilities, including infrastructure. Locationally suitable land use evolved in areas where transportation facilities were available and farmers were granted land title with the necessary extension services and credit facilities. These findings have important policy implications for the promotion of environmentally and economically sound land use in CHT. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：孟加拉国吉大港山区（CHT）的土地使用在过去几个世纪以来发生了变化。直到殖民地初期，大部分被森林覆盖着的景观，并散布着不断变化的耕地，现已逐渐变为具有土地用途的景观。总体而言，森林面积逐渐减少，而轮作种植和久坐农业的面积却在扩大。变更过程是多方向的。国家林业，土地利用，土地税收，人口迁移政策以及诸如水力发电大坝和道路建设等发展活动在这一过程中发挥了重要作用。直到殖民时期开始，转移种植对森林几乎没有造成破坏。随着森林的国有化，毁林的步伐加快了，这废除了部落人民对森林的习惯使用和经营权，并允许合法和非法进行大规模的商业采伐。鼓励人口迁移到CHT的政策以及在卡纳富里河上修建水库的政策进一步加快了步伐。努力用生产能力更高的久坐农业代替轮作。但是，如果没有可靠的土地权，支持性贸易政策以及所需的支持服务和设施（包括基础设施），就无法进行很多改变。在交通便利的地区发展了适合当地使用的土地，并为农民提供了必要的推广服务和信贷设施的土地所有权。这些发现对促进CHT的环境和经济上合理的土地利用具有重要的政策意义。 （c）2006 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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