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The effect of olive mill wastewater on seed germination after various pretreatment techniques

机译：各种预处理技术对橄榄油厂废水对种子发芽的影响

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摘要

Olive mill wastewater (OMW) management has been a major issue of environmental concern for olive oil producing countries. OMW can be a serious nuisance, when disposed of untreated, due to its significantly high organic load, its phytotoxic properties and its relatively low biodegradability. Field and plant irrigation with raw or pretreated OMW is an easy and relatively inexpensive method to treat and dispose of OMW. Typical pretreatment techniques could be comprised of phase separation through a settling basin, dilution with water, aeration to promote biological degradation and pH neutralization. A full factorial experimental design approach was used here to study the main effects and interactions of the above four pretreatment techniques on the germination of tomato and chicory seeds. Results of the study showed that the most statistically significant technique affecting OMW phytotoxicity is water dilution. The next most significant technique was aeration. In particular, phytotoxicity decreased with increased OMW dilution with water, when OMW was aerated and without pH adjustment. pH neutralization resulted in increased phytotoxicity. Settling did not significantly decrease the phytotoxicity of settled OMW and is therefore not considered necessary in an OMW management system in which plant irrigation is the goal. The interaction of aeration and pH was, marginally, the most significant two-way interaction for tomato seeds, while no interactions were significant when chicory seeds were used.
机译：橄榄油厂废水（OMW）管理一直是橄榄油生产国关注环境的主要问题。由于未处理的OMW的有机负荷非常高，其植物毒性和相对较低的生物降解性，如果不加以处理，可能会成为严重的麻烦。使用原始或预处理的OMW进行田间和植物灌溉是一种简单且相对便宜的方法，用于处理和处置OMW。典型的预处理技术可以包括通过沉降池的相分离，用水稀释，通气以促进生物降解和pH中和。本文采用全因子实验设计方法研究了上述四种预处理技术对番茄和菊苣种子发芽的主要影响和相互作用。研究结果表明，影响OMW植物毒性的最具有统计意义的技术是水稀释。第二个最重要的技术是曝气。尤其是，给OMW加气且不调节pH值时，随着OMW稀释水的增加，植物毒性降低。 pH中和导致植物毒性增加。沉降并没有显着降低沉降的OMW的植物毒性，因此在以植物灌溉为目标的OMW管理系统中，认为沉降不是必需的。曝气和pH的相互作用在一定程度上是番茄种子的最重要的双向相互作用，而使用菊苣种子时没有显着的相互作用。

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