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Co-management: concepts and methodological implications

机译：共同管理：概念和方法论意义

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Co-management, or the joint management of the commons, is often formulated in terms of some arrangement of power sharing between the State and a community of resource users. In reality, there often are multiple local interests and multiple government agencies at play, and co-management can hardly be understood as the interaction of a unitary State and a homogeneous community. An approach focusing on the legal aspects of co-management, and emphasizing the formal structure of arrangements (how governance is configured) runs the risk of neglecting the functional side of co-management. An alternative approach is to start from the assumption that co-management is a continuous problem-solving process, rather than a fixed state, involving extensive deliberation, negotiation and joint learning within problem-solving networks. This presumption implies that co-management research should preferably focus on how different management tasks are organized and distributed concentrating on the function, rather than the structure, of the system. Such an approach has the effect of highlighting that power sharing is the result, and not the starting point, of the process. This kind of research approach might employ the steps of (1) defining the social-ecological system under focus; (2) mapping the essential management tasks and problems to be solved; (3) clarifying the participants in the problem-solving processes; (4) analyzing linkages in the system, in particular across levels of organization and across geographical space; (5) evaluating capacity-building needs for enhancing the skills and capabilities of people and institutions at various levels; and (6) prescribing ways to improve policy making and problem-solving.
机译：共同管理或共同管理通常是根据国家与资源使用者社区之间权力分配的某种安排制定的。实际上，经常有多个地方利益和多个政府机构在起作用，而共同管理很难理解为一个单一国家与一个同质社区的相互作用。着重于共同管理的法律方面并强调安排的正式结构（治理的配置方式）的方法可能会忽略共同管理的功能方面。另一种方法是从以下假设出发：共同管理是一个连续的问题解决过程，而不是一个固定的状态，需要在问题解决网络中进行广泛的讨论，协商和共同学习。这种推论意味着，共同管理研究应优先关注于如何组织和分配不同的管理任务，并着重于系统的功能而不是系统的结构。这种方法的作用是强调功率共享是过程的结果，而不是过程的起点。这种研究方法可能采用以下步骤：（1）定义关注的社会生态系统； （2）绘制基本的管理任务和要解决的问题； （3）阐明解决问题的参与者； （4）分析系统中的链接，尤其是跨组织级别和跨地理空间的链接； （5）评估能力建设需求，以提高各级人民和机构的技能和能力； （6）规定改善政策制定和解决问题的方法。

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