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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of environmental psychology >Freedom from constraints: Darkness and dim illumination promote creativity
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Freedom from constraints: Darkness and dim illumination promote creativity

机译：不受束缚：黑暗和昏暗的灯光促进创造力

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摘要

Employee creativity is critical to organizational competitiveness. However, the potential contribution made by the workspace and the physical environment is not fully taken into account because, up to now, it has been rather unclear how aspects of the physical environment, especially light, can support creativity. Consequently, in six studies, the present research investigated the effect of light and darkness on creative performance. We expected that darkness would offer individuals freedom from constraints, enabling a global and explorative processing style, which in turn facilitates creativity. First, four studies demonstrated that both priming darkness and actual dim illumination improved creative performance. The priming studies revealed that the effect can occur outside of people's awareness and independent of differences in visibility. Second, two additional studies tested the underlying mechanism and showed that darkness elicits a feeling of being free from constraints and triggers a risky, explorative processing style. As expected, perceived freedom from constraints mediated the effect of dim illumination on creativity. Third, moderation analyses demonstrated the effects' boundary conditions: the darkness-related increase in creativity disappeared when using a more informal indirect light instead of direct light or when evaluating ideas instead of generating creative ideas. In sum, these results contribute to the understanding of visual atmospheres (i.e. visual messages), their importance for lighting effects, and their impact via conceptual links and attentional tuning. Limitations as well as practical implications for lighting design are discussed.
机译：员工的创造力对于组织竞争力至关重要。但是，尚未完全考虑到工作空间和物理环境的潜在贡献，因为到目前为止，还不清楚物理环境的各个方面（尤其是光）如何支持创造力。因此，在六项研究中，本研究调查了光与暗对创意表现的影响。我们期望，黑暗将使个人摆脱束缚，实现一种全局的，探索性的处理方式，从而促进创造力。首先，四项研究表明，灌注黑暗和实际昏暗的照明都可以改善创造力。启动研究表明，这种影响可能发生在人们的意识范围之外，并且不受可见性差异的影响。其次，另外两项研究测试了潜在的机制，结果表明黑暗引发一种不受束缚的感觉，并引发了冒险，探索性的处理方式。不出所料，不受约束的感知介导了昏暗照明对创造力的影响。第三，适度分析证明了效果的边界条件：当使用更非正式的间接光代替直射光或评估想法而不产生创意时，与黑暗有关的创造力增加消失了。总之，这些结果有助于理解视觉氛围（即视觉信息），它们对照明效果的重要性以及它们通过概念链接和注意力调整的影响。讨论了照明设计的局限性和实际意义。

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