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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of environmental science and health >Review of potential environmental impacts of transgenic glyphosate-resistant soybean in Brazil
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Review of potential environmental impacts of transgenic glyphosate-resistant soybean in Brazil

机译：巴西抗草甘膦转基因大豆的潜在环境影响综述

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Transgenic glyphosate-resistant soybeans (GRS) have been commercialized and grown extensively in the Western Hemisphere, including Brazil. Worldwide, several studies have shown that previous and potential effects of glyphosate on contamination of soil, water, and air are minimal, compared to those caused by the herbicides that they replace when GRS are adopted. In the USA and Argentina, the advent of glyphosate-resistant soybeans resulted in a significant shift to reduced- and no-tillage practices, thereby significantly reducing environmental degradation by agriculture. Similar shifts in tillage practiced with GRS might be expected in Brazil. Transgenes encoding glyphosate resistance in soybeans are highly unlikely to be a risk to wild plant species in Brazil. Soybean is almost completely self-pollinated and is a non-native species in Brazil, without wild relatives, making introgression of transgenes from GRS virtually impossible. Probably the highest agricultural risk in adopting GRS in Brazil is related to weed resistance. Weed species in GRS fields have shifted in Brazil to those that can more successfully withstand glyphosate or to those that avoid the time of its application. These include Chamaesyce hirta (erva-de-Santa-Luzia), Commelina benghalensis (trapoeraba), Spermacoce latifolia (erva-quente), Richardia brasiliensis (poaia-branca), and Ipomoea spp. (corda-de-viola). Four weed species, Conyza bonariensis, Conyza Canadensis (buva), Lolium multiflorum (azevem), and Euphorbia heterophylla (amendoim bravo), have evolved resistance to glyphosate in GRS in Brazil and have great potential to become problems.
机译：抗草甘膦转基因大豆（GRS）已在包括巴西在内的西半球商业化并广泛种植。在全球范围内，多项研究表明，与采用GRS时代替草甘膦的除草剂相比，草甘膦对土壤，水和空气污染的先前影响和潜在影响极小。在美国和阿根廷，抗草甘膦大豆的出现导致了向免耕和免耕作法的重大转变，从而大大减少了农业对环境的破坏。在巴西，预计使用GRS进行耕作会有类似的变化。大豆中编码草甘膦抗性的转基因极不可能对巴西的野生植物物种构成风险。大豆几乎是完全自花传粉的，并且在巴西是非本地物种，没有野生亲缘种，这使得从GRS转基因的基因渗入几乎是不可能的。在巴西采用GRS的最高农业风险可能与抗草性有关。在巴西，GRS田地中的杂草种类已经转移到可以更成功地抵抗草甘膦的种类或避免了使用时间的杂草种类。其中包括Chamaesyce hirta（erva-de-Santa-Luzia），Commelina benghalensis（trapoeraba），Spermacoce latifolia（erva-quente），Richardia brasiliensis（poaia-branca）和Ipomoea spp。 （corda-de-中提琴）。巴西GRS的四种杂草物种Conyza bonariensis，加拿大Conyza Canadensis（buva），多花黑麦草（azevem）和大戟大戟（Euphorbia heterophylla）（amendoim bravo）均已形成了对草甘膦的抗性，并且很有可能成为问题。

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