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Critical factors in chemical characterization for the evaluation of decontamination in solids using advanced oxidation

机译:化学表征中使用高级氧化评估固体去污性的关键因素

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Advanced oxidation technologies (AOT) have been applied to the treatment of numerous organic pollutants embedded in solid matrices (e.g., soil, sediments, sludge, etc.). Given potentially strong matrix-analyte interactions in solids, chemical characterization of both the target contaminants and their oxidation products is critical for the evaluation of any decontamination method. The success of AOT applications has been evaluated either directly (based on the removal of original contaminants, extent of mineralization, and/or formation of by-products), or indirectly, e.g., based on toxicity or chemical oxygen demand. Since indirect methods do not provide comprehensive understanding of the pollutants' fate, direct analytical approaches are covered in this review while focusing on sample preparation and detailed chromatographic characterization, assessing the strengths and weaknesses of these methods. The significance of sample preparation, in particular extraction, is discussed with respect to the nature of matrix-analyte interactions, as those may also affect the selection of the remediation method. The ultimate goal of this review is the presentation of methods employed to achieve mass balance closure, which is essential to ensure the full understanding of degradation pathways.
机译:先进的氧化技术(AOT)已用于处理嵌入在固体基质中的多种有机污染物(例如,土壤,沉积物,污泥等)。考虑到固体中潜在的强基质-分析物相互作用,目标污染物及其氧化产物的化学表征对于评估任何净化方法均至关重要。已经直接评估了AOT应用的成功性(基于原始污染物的去除,矿化程度和/或副产物的形成),或者例如根据毒性或化学需氧量进行了间接评估。由于间接方法无法全面了解污染物的命运,因此本综述涵盖了直接分析方法,同时侧重于样品制备和详细的色谱表征,评估了这些方法的优缺点。关于基质与分析物相互作用的性质,讨论了样品制备(尤其是提取)的重要性,因为这些相互作用也可能影响修复方法的选择。这次审查的最终目标是介绍实现质量平衡封闭所采用的方法,这对于确保充分了解降解途径至关重要。

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