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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Environmental Science and Health >Should Atrazine and Related Chlorotriazines Be Considered Carcinogenic for Human Health Risk Assessment?
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Should Atrazine and Related Chlorotriazines Be Considered Carcinogenic for Human Health Risk Assessment?

机译：在人类健康风险评估中，应将阿特拉津和相关的氯三嗪视为致癌物质吗？

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Chloro-s-triazines have been a mainstay of preemergent pesticides for a number of decades and have generally been regarded as having low human toxicity. Atrazine, the major pesticide in this class, has been extensively studied. In a number of experimental studies, exposure to high doses of atrazine resulted in increased weight loss not attributable to decreased food intake. Chronic studies of atrazine and simazine and their common metabolites show an elevated incidence of mammary tumors only in female Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. On the basis of the clear tumor increase in female SD rats, atrazine was proposed to be classified as a likely human carcinogen by US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 1999. With Fischer rats, all strains of mice, and dogs, there was no evidence of increased incidence of atrazine-associated tumors of any type. Evidence related to the pivotal role of hormonal control of the estrus cycle in SD rats appears to indicate that the mechanism for mammary tumor induction is specific to this strain of rats and thus is not relevant to humans. In humans the menstrual cycle is controlled by estrogen released by the ovary rather than depending on the LH surge, as estrus is in SD rats. However, the relevance of the tumors to humans continues to be debated based on endocrine effects of triazines. No strong evidence exists for atrazine mutagenicity, while there is evidence of clastogenicity at elevated concentrations. Atrazine does not appear to interact strongly with estrogen receptors α or β but may interact with putative estrogen receptor GPR30 (G-protein-coupled receptor). A large number of epidemiologic studies conducted on manufacturing workers, pesticide applicators, and farming families do not indicate that triazines are carcinogenic in these populations. A rat-specific hormonal mechanism for mammary tumors has now been accepted by US EPA, International Agency for Research on Cancer, and the European Union. Chlorotriazines do influence endocrine responses, but their potential impact on humans appears to be primarily on reproduction and development and is not related to carcinogenesis.
机译：数十年来，氯-s-三嗪一直是发芽农药的主体，并且通常被认为对人体无害。对这一类中的主要农药阿特拉津已经进行了广泛的研究。在许多实验研究中，暴露于高剂量的r去津可导致体重减轻增加，而不是因为食物摄入减少。长期研究阿特拉津和西马津及其常见代谢产物表明，仅在雌性Sprague Dawley（SD）大鼠中，乳腺肿瘤的发生率升高。基于雌性SD大鼠明显的肿瘤增加，美国环境保护署（EPA）于1999年提议将阿特拉津（atrazine）归类为可能的人类致癌物。对于Fischer大鼠，所有小鼠和犬种，都没有证据表明任何类型的at去津相关肿瘤的发生率均增加。与激素控制SD大鼠发情周期的关键作用有关的证据似乎表明，乳腺肿瘤诱导机制对该大鼠特定，因此与人类无关。在人类中，月经周期是由卵巢释放的雌激素控制的，而不是像SD大鼠中的发情期那样依赖于LH激增。然而，基于三嗪的内分泌作用，人们仍在争论肿瘤与人类的相关性。没有强烈的证据表明at去津具有致突变性，而有证据表明在浓度升高时会产生致突变性。阿特拉津似乎不与雌激素受体α或β强烈相互作用，但可能与假定的雌激素受体GPR30（G蛋白偶联受体）相互作用。对制造业工人，农药施用者和农户进行的大量流行病学研究并未表明三嗪在这些人群中具有致癌性。目前，美国环保署，国际癌症研究机构和欧盟已经接受了针对大鼠乳腺肿瘤的激素机制。氯三嗪确实会影响内分泌反应，但它们对人体的潜在影响似乎主要在生殖和发育上，与致癌作用无关。

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