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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Experimental Botany >Structure, attachment properties, and ecological importance of the attachment system of English ivy (Hedera helix)
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Structure, attachment properties, and ecological importance of the attachment system of English ivy (Hedera helix)

机译:常春藤(Hedera helix)依恋系统的结构,依附特性和生态重要性

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Root climbers such as English ivy (Hedera helix) rely on specialized adventitious roots for attachment, enabling the plants to climb on a wide range of natural and artificial substrates. Despite their importance for the climbing habit, the biomechanical properties of these specialized adventitious roots compared with standard roots and their performance in the attachment to different host species or inert substrates have not been studied. Here organs and tissues involved in the attachment are characterized and their significance in regard to a broader functional and ecological aspect is discussed. Depending on the substrate, the root clusters show different types of failure modes at various frequencies, demonstrating the close interaction between the climber and its substrates. With a Young’s Modulus of 109.2 MPa, the attachment roots are relatively stiff for non-woody roots. The central cylinders of the attachment roots show a high tensile strength of 38 MPa and a very high extensibility of 34%. In host trees naturally co-distributed with English ivy, a ‘balanced’ occurrence of failure of the attachment system of the climber and the bark of the host is found, suggesting a co-evolution of climber and host. Maximum loads of root clusters normalized by the number of roots match those of individually tested attachment roots. In comparison with most subterranean roots the properties and structure of the attachment roots of English ivy show distinct differences. There exist similarities to the properties found for roots of Galium aparine, suggesting a trend in not fully self-supporting plants towards a higher extensibility.
机译:诸如英国常春藤(Hedera helix)之类的根系攀爬者依靠专门的不定根进行附着,从而使植物能够在各种各样的天然和人造基质上攀爬。尽管它们对于攀爬习性很重要,但尚未研究这些特殊的不定根与标准根相比的生物力学特性,以及它们在附着于不同宿主物种或惰性基质上的性能。在这里,对附着的器官和组织进行了表征,并讨论了它们在更广泛的功能和生态方面的意义。取决于基底,根簇在各种频率下会显示出不同类型的破坏模式,这说明了攀登者与其基底之间的紧密相互作用。杨氏模量为109.2 MPa,对于非木质根,附着根相对较硬。附着根部的中心圆柱体显示38 MPa的高抗拉强度和34%的极高延伸性。在自然地与英国常春藤共同分布的寄主树中,发现登山者的附着系统和寄主树皮的“平衡”失效发生,表明登山者和寄主的共同进化。通过根数归一化的根群集的最大负载与单独测试的附件根的最大负载匹配。与大多数地下根相比,英国常春藤的附着根的性质和结构表现出明显的差异。与发现的Galium aparine根部的特性存在相似之处,这表明不完全自立的植物趋向于更高的可扩展性。

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