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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Experimental Botany >Chloroplast-localized protein kinases: a step forward towards a complete inventory
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Chloroplast-localized protein kinases: a step forward towards a complete inventory

机译：叶绿体定位的蛋白激酶：迈向完整清单的一步

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摘要

In addition to redox regulation, protein phosphorylation has gained increasing importance as a regulatory principle in chloroplasts in recent years. However, only very few chloroplast-localized protein kinases have been identified to date. Protein phosphorylation regulates important chloroplast processes such as photosynthesis or transcription. In order to better understand chloroplast function, it is therefore crucial to obtain a complete picture of the chloroplast kinome, which is currently constrained by two effects: first, recent observations showed that the bioinformatics-based prediction of chloroplast-localized protein kinases from available sequence data is strongly biased; and, secondly, protein kinases are of very low abundance, which makes their identification by proteomics approaches extremely difficult. Therefore, the aim of this study was to obtain a complete list of chloroplast-localized protein kinases from different species. Evaluation of protein kinases which were either highly predicted to be chloroplast localized or have been identified in different chloroplast proteomic studies resulted in the confirmation of only three new kinases. Considering also all reports of experimentally verified chloroplast protein kinases to date, compelling evidence was found for a total set of 15 chloroplast-localized protein kinases in different species. This is in contrast to a much higher number that would be expected based on targeting prediction or on the general abundance of protein kinases in relation to the entire proteome. Moreover, it is shown that unusual protein kinases with differing ATP-binding sites or catalytic centres seem to occur frequently within the chloroplast kinome, thus making their identification by mass spectrometry-based approaches even more difficult due to a different annotation.
机译：除了氧化还原调节，近年来，蛋白质磷酸化作为叶绿体中的调节原理也变得越来越重要。然而，迄今为止仅鉴定出很少的叶绿体定位的蛋白激酶。蛋白磷酸化调节重要的叶绿体过程，例如光合作用或转录。为了更好地理解叶绿体功能，因此获得完整的叶绿体激酶组图非常关键，目前该图谱受到两个作用的限制：首先，最近的观察结果表明，基于生物信息学的预测可从可用序列预测叶绿体定位的蛋白激酶数据存在严重偏差；其次，蛋白激酶的丰度非常低，这使得通过蛋白质组学方法进行鉴定非常困难。因此，本研究的目的是获得来自不同物种的叶绿体定位蛋白激酶的完整列表。对蛋白激酶的评估要么被高度预测为位于叶绿体中，要么已在不同的叶绿体蛋白质组学研究中得到鉴定，结果仅确认了三种新激酶。还考虑到迄今为止所有有关实验验证的叶绿体蛋白激酶的报道，有力的证据表明在不同物种中总共存在15种叶绿体定位的蛋白激酶。这与基于靶向预测或相对于整个蛋白质组的蛋白激酶的一般丰度所预期的更高的数目相反。此外，已经表明，具有不同的ATP结合位点或催化中心的不寻常的蛋白激酶似乎经常出现在叶绿体基因组中，因此由于注释不同，通过基于质谱的方法对其进行鉴定变得更加困难。

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