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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Experimental Botany >Sporophytic ovule tissues modulate the initiation and progression of apomixis in Hieracium
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Sporophytic ovule tissues modulate the initiation and progression of apomixis in Hieracium

机译：孢子体胚珠组织调节无性生殖在山葵中的发生和发展

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Apomixis in Hieracium subgenus Pilosella initiates in ovules when sporophytic cells termed aposporous initial (AI) cells enlarge near sexual cells undergoing meiosis. AI cells displace the sexual structures and divide by mitosis to form unreduced embryo sac(s) without meiosis (apomeiosis) that initiate fertilization-independent embryo and endosperm development. In some Hieracium subgenus Pilosella species, these events are controlled by the dominant LOSS OF APOMEIOSIS (LOA) and LOSS OF PARTHENOGENESIS (LOP) loci. In H. praealtum and H. piloselloides, which both contain the same core LOA locus, the timing and frequency of AI cell formation is altered in derived mutants exhibiting abnormal funiculus growth and in transgenic plants expressing rolB which alters cellular sensitivity to auxin. The impact on apomictic and sexual reproduction was examined here when a chimeric RNAse gene was targeted to the funiculus and basal portions of the ovule, and also when polar auxin transport was inhibited during ovule development following N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA) application. Both treatments led to ovule deformity in the funiculus and distal parts of the ovule and LOA-dependent alterations in the timing, position, and frequency of AI cell formation. In the case of NPA treatment, this correlated with increased expression of DR5:GFP in the ovule, which marks the accumulation of the plant hormone auxin. Our results show that sporophytic information potentiated by funiculus growth and polar auxin transport influences ovule development, the initiation of apomixis, and the progression of embryo sac development in Hieracium. Signals associated with ovule pattern formation and auxin distribution or perception may influence the capacity of sporophytic ovule cells to respond to LOA.
机译：当称为“无孔初生（AI）”的孢子体细胞在经历减数分裂的性细胞附近扩大时，皮层菌亚纲中的无融合生殖在胚珠中启动。 AI细胞置换性结构并通过有丝分裂分裂，形成未减数的胚囊，而没有减数分裂（无细胞分裂），从而启动不依赖受精的胚胎和胚乳发育。在某些Hilos属亚种Pilosella物种中，这些事件由显性失落（LOA）和单性生殖（LOP）位点的丢失控制。在都包含相同核心LOA基因座的praealtum和piloselloides中，在表现出异常的真菌生长的衍生突变体和表达rolB的转基因植物中，AI细胞形成的时间和频率发生了改变，而rolB改变了细胞对植物生长素的敏感性。当嵌合RNA酶基因靶向胚珠的真菌和基底部分时，以及当应用N-1-萘基邻苯二甲酸邻苯二甲酸酯（NPA）后胚珠发育过程中极性生长素运输受到抑制时，本文检查了对无融合生殖和有性生殖的影响。两种治疗方法均会导致胚珠在胚珠和胚珠远端发生畸形，并导致AI细胞形成的时间，位置和频率依赖于LOA。在NPA处理的情况下，这与胚珠中DR5：GFP的表达增加有关，这标志着植物激素生长素的积累。我们的结果表明，由真菌生长和极性生长素转运增强的孢子信息影响胚珠的发育，无融合生殖的启动以及山Hi胚囊发育的进程。与胚珠模式形成和生长素分布或感知有关的信号可能会影响孢子性胚珠细胞对LOA的反应能力。

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