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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Experimental Botany >Using genetic mapping and genomics approaches in understanding and improving drought tolerance in pearl millet
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Using genetic mapping and genomics approaches in understanding and improving drought tolerance in pearl millet

机译：使用遗传图谱和基因组学方法了解和提高珍珠粟的耐旱性

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摘要

Drought at the reproductive stage is a major constraint to pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] productivity. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping provides a means to dissect complex traits, such as drought tolerance, into their components, each of which is controlled by QTLs. Molecular marker-supported genotypic information at the identified QTLs then enables quick and accurate accumulation of desirable alleles in plant breeding programmes. Recent genetic mapping research in pearl millet has mapped several QTLs for grain yield and its components under terminal drought stress conditions. Most importantly, a major QTL associated with grain yield and for the drought tolerance of grain yield in drought stress environments has been identified on linkage group 2 (LG 2) which accounts for up to 32% of the phenotypic variation of grain yield in mapping population testcrosses. The effect of this QTL has been validated in two independent marker-assisted backcrossing programmes, where 30% improvement in grain yield general combining ability (GCA) expected of this QTL under terminal drought stress conditions was recovered in the QTL introgression lines. To transfer effectively favourable alleles of this QTL into pearl millet varieties that otherwise are high yielding and adapted to specific agricultural zones, efforts are currently underway to develop closely spaced gene-based markers within this drought tolerance (DT)-QTL. In this review, an overview is provided of information on the genetic maps developed in pearl millet for mapping drought tolerance traits and their applications in identifying and characterizing DT-QTLs. Marker-assisted transfer of desirable QTL alleles to elite parent backgrounds, and results from introgression line validation in multiple terminal drought stress environments are discussed. Current efforts undertaken towards delimiting the interval of a major DT-QTL mapping to LG 2, and towards identifying candidate genes and physiologies underlying this QTL are presented. Highly specialized genetic stocks [QTL-near-isogenic lines (NILs), a high-resolution cross, and a germplasm population] and genomic resources (gene sequences, gene-based markers, and comparative genomics information) specifically developed for these purposes are discussed.
机译：生殖阶段的干旱是珍珠小米[Pennisetum glaucum（L.）R. Br。]生产力的主要制约因素。数量性状位点（QTL）作图提供了一种将复杂性状（如耐旱性）分解为组成部分的方法，每个组成部分均由QTL控制。然后，已鉴定QTL处分子标记支持的基因型信息就可以在植物育种程序中快速，准确地积累所需的等位基因。最近在珍珠粟中进行的遗传图谱研究已经绘制出了几个在极端干旱胁迫条件下谷物产量及其成分的QTL。最重要的是，在连锁群2（LG 2）上确定了与籽粒产量和干旱胁迫环境中的籽粒干旱耐受性相关的主要QTL，其占制图群体中籽粒产量表型变异的32％测试十字。在两个独立的标记辅助回交计划中已验证了此QTL的效果，其中在QTL渗入系中回收了预期在极端干旱胁迫条件下该QTL的预期单产提高了30％的籽粒一般综合能力（GCA）。为了有效地将该QTL的有利等位基因转移到原本高产并适合特定农业区的珍珠粟品种中，目前正在努力开发在该耐旱性（DT）-QTL内紧密间隔的基于基因的标记。在这篇综述中，提供了有关在珍珠粟上开发的用于绘制抗旱性状的遗传图谱及其在鉴定和表征DT-QTL中的应用的信息的概述。讨论了期望的QTL等位基因向优良亲本背景的标记辅助转移，以及在多个终端干旱胁迫环境中基因渗入系验证的结果。介绍了当前为划定主要DT-QTL映射到LG 2的间隔以及鉴定该QTL潜在的候选基因和生理结构所做的努力。讨论了专门为这些目的开发的高度专业化的遗传种群[QTL-近等基因系（NIL），高分辨率杂交和种质种群]和基因组资源（基因序列，基于基因的标记和比较基因组学信息） 。

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