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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Experimental Botany >Raising yield potential of wheat. III. Optimizing partitioning to grain while maintaining lodging resistance
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Raising yield potential of wheat. III. Optimizing partitioning to grain while maintaining lodging resistance

机译：提高小麦的单产潜力。三，优化分配到谷物的同时保持抗倒伏性

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A substantial increase in grain yield potential is required, along with better use of water and fertilizer, to ensure food security and environmental protection in future decades. For improvements in photosynthetic capacity to result in additional wheat yield, extra assimilates must be partitioned to developing spikes and grains and/or potential grain weight increased to accommodate the extra assimilates. At the same time, improvement in dry matter partitioning to spikes should ensure that it does not increase stem or root lodging. It is therefore crucial that improvements in structural and reproductive aspects of growth accompany increases in photosynthesis to enhance the net agronomic benefits of genetic modifications. In this article, six complementary approaches are proposed, namely: (i) optimizing developmental pattern to maximize spike fertility and grain number, (ii) optimizing spike growth to maximize grain number and dry matter harvest index, (iii) improving spike fertility through desensitizing floret abortion to environmental cues, (iv) improving potential grain size and grain filling, and (v) improving lodging resistance. Since many of the traits tackled in these approaches interact strongly, an integrative modelling approach is also proposed, to (vi) identify any trade-offs between key traits, hence to define target ideotypes in quantitative terms. The potential for genetic dissection of key traits via quantitative trait loci analysis is discussed for the efficient deployment of existing variation in breeding programmes. These proposals should maximize returns in food production from investments in increased crop biomass by increasing spike fertility, grain number per unit area and harvest index whilst optimizing the trade-offs with potential grain weight and lodging resistance.
机译：为了确保未来几十年的粮食安全和环境保护，需要大幅度提高谷物单产潜力，并更好地利用水和肥料。为了提高光合作用能力以增加小麦产量，必须将额外的同化物分配到发育中的穗状花序和籽粒和/或增加潜在的谷物重量，以容纳额外的同化物。同时，干物质分配到穗的分配的改善应确保其不会增加茎或根的倒伏。因此，至关重要的是，在生长的结构和生殖方面的改善伴随着光合作用的增加，以增强基因修饰的净农艺效益。在本文中，提出了六种补充方法，即：（i）优化发育方式以使穗粒肥力和籽粒数量最大化，（ii）优化穗粒生长以最大化穗粒数和干物质收获指数，（iii）通过脱敏提高穗粒肥力小花根据环境提示流产，（iv）改善潜在的晶粒尺寸和籽粒填充，以及（v）改善抗倒伏性。由于在这些方法中解决的许多特质相互作用强烈，因此还提出了一种集成建模方法，以（vi）识别关键特质之间的任何取舍，从而以量化的方式定义目标意识型。讨论了通过定量性状位点分析对关键性状进行遗传解剖的潜力，以有效利用育种计划中现有变异。这些建议应通过增加穗粒肥力，单位面积谷物数和收获指数，同时增加潜在谷物重量和抗倒伏性的权衡来实现，通过增加作物生物量的投资来最大化粮食生产的回报。

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