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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Experimental Botany >From the soil to the seeds: the long journey of nitrate in plants
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From the soil to the seeds: the long journey of nitrate in plants

机译：从土壤到种子：植物体内硝酸盐的漫长旅程

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摘要

Under temperate climates and in cultivated soils, nitrate is the most important source of nitrogen (N) available for crops and, before its reduction and assimilation into amino acids, must enter the root cells and then move in the whole plant. The aim of this review is to provide an overall picture of the numerous membrane proteins that achieve these processes by being localized in different compartments and in different tissues. Nitrate transporters (NRT) from the NRT1 and NRT2 families ensure the capacity of root cells to take up nitrate, through high- and low-affinity systems (HATS and LATS) depending on nitrate concentrations in the soil solution. Other members of the NRT1 family are involved subsequently in loading and unloading of nitrate to and from the xylem vessels, allowing its distribution to aerial organs or its remobilization from old leaves. Once in the cell, nitrate can be stored in the vacuole by passing through the tonoplast, a step that involves chloride channels (CLC) or a NRT2 member. Finally, with the exception of one NRT1 member, the transport of nitrite towards the chloroplast is still largely unknown. All these fluxes are controlled by key factors, the ‘major tour operators’ like the internal nutritional status of the plant but also by external abiotic factors.
机译：在温带气候和耕作土壤中，硝酸盐是可用于农作物的最重要的氮（N）来源，在将其还原并吸收为氨基酸之前，必须先进入根细胞，然后在整个植物中移动。这篇综述的目的是提供通过定位在不同的隔室和不同的组织中实现这些过程的众多膜蛋白的整体图。来自NRT1和NRT2家族的硝酸盐转运蛋白（NRT）可确保根细胞通过高亲和力和低亲和力系统（HATS和LATS）吸收硝酸盐的能力，具体取决于土壤溶液中的硝酸盐浓度。 NRT1家族的其他成员随后参与了硝酸盐在木质部容器中的装卸，从而使其分布到气生器官或从旧叶中移出。一旦进入细胞，硝酸盐就可以通过液泡膜而储存在液泡中，这是一个涉及氯离子通道（CLC）或NRT2成员的步骤。最后，除一个NRT1成员外，亚硝酸盐向叶绿体的转运仍是未知之数。所有这些通量均受关键因素控制，“主要旅行经营者”如植物的内部营养状况，也受外部非生物因素控制。

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