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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Experimental Botany >Additive effects of Na+ and Cl– ions on barley growth under salinity stress
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Additive effects of Na+ and Cl– ions on barley growth under salinity stress

机译：Na + 和Cl – 离子对盐胁迫下大麦生长的累加作用

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Soil salinity affects large areas of the world's cultivated land, causing significant reductions in crop yield. Despite the fact that most plants accumulate both sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl–) ions in high concentrations in their shoot tissues when grown in saline soils, most research on salt tolerance in annual plants has focused on the toxic effects of Na+ accumulation. It has previously been suggested that Cl– toxicity may also be an important cause of growth reduction in barley plants. Here, the extent to which specific ion toxicities of Na+ and Cl– reduce the growth of barley grown in saline soils is shown under varying salinity treatments using four barley genotypes differing in their salt tolerance in solution and soil-based systems. High Na+, Cl–, and NaCl separately reduced the growth of barley, however, the reductions in growth and photosynthesis were greatest under NaCl stress and were mainly additive of the effects of Na+ and Cl– stress. The results demonstrated that Na+ and Cl– exclusion among barley genotypes are independent mechanisms and different genotypes expressed different combinations of the two mechanisms. High concentrations of Na+ reduced K+ and Ca2+ uptake and reduced photosynthesis mainly by reducing stomatal conductance. By comparison, high Cl– concentration reduced photosynthetic capacity due to non-stomatal effects: there was chlorophyll degradation, and a reduction in the actual quantum yield of PSII electron transport which was associated with both photochemical quenching and the efficiency of excitation energy capture. The results also showed that there are fundamental differences in salinity responses between soil and solution culture, and that the importance of the different mechanisms of salt damage varies according to the system under which the plants were grown.
机译：土壤盐分影响世界上大片耕地，导致农作物减产。尽管大多数植物在盐渍土壤中生长时，其芽组织中都高浓度地积累钠离子（Na + ）和氯离子（Cl – ），但大多数研究一年生植物的耐盐性主要集中在Na + 积累的毒性作用上。以前曾有人提出Cl – 毒性也可能是大麦植物生长减少的重要原因。在这里，使用四种不同的大麦基因型，在不同盐度处理下，Na + 和Cl – 的特定离子毒性降低了盐渍土壤中大麦生长的程度。它们在溶液和土壤基系统中的耐盐性。高Na + ，Cl – 和NaCl分别降低大麦的生长，但是，在NaCl胁迫下，生长和光合作用的降低最大，主要是影响的叠加Na + 和Cl – 应力的变化。结果表明，大麦基因型之间的Na + 和Cl – 排斥是独立的机制，不同的基因型表达了两种机制的不同组合。高浓度的Na + 降低了K + 和Ca 2 + 的吸收，并通过降低气孔导度而降低了光合作用。相比之下，高Cl – 浓度由于非气孔效应而降低了光合能力：存在叶绿素降解，PSII电子传递的实际量子产率降低，这与光化学猝灭和光化学猝灭有关。激发能量捕获的效率。结果还表明，土壤和溶液培养的盐度响应之间存在根本差异，并且不同盐分破坏机制的重要性根据植物生长的系统而异。

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