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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Experimental Botany >The role of transitory starch in C3, CAM, and C4 metabolism and opportunities for engineering leaf starch accumulation
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The role of transitory starch in C3, CAM, and C4 metabolism and opportunities for engineering leaf starch accumulation

机译：瞬时淀粉在C 3 ，CAM和C 4 代谢中的作用以及工程叶片淀粉积累的机会

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Essentially all plants store starch in their leaves during the day and break it down the following night. This transitory starch accumulation acts as an overflow mechanism when the sucrose synthesis capacity is limiting, and transitory starch also acts as a carbon store to provide sugar at night. Transitory starch breakdown can occur by either of two pathways; significant progress has been made in understanding these pathways in C3 plants. The hydrolytic (amylolytic) pathway generating maltose appears to be the primary source of sugar for export from C3 chloroplasts at night, whereas the phosphorolytic pathway supplies carbon for chloroplast reactions, in particular in the light. In crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) plants, the hydrolytic pathway predominates when plants operate in C3 mode, but the phosphorolytic pathway predominates when they operate in CAM mode. Information on transitory starch metabolism in C4 plants has now become available as a result of combined microscopy and proteome studies. Starch accumulates in all cell types in immature maize leaf tissue, but in mature leaf tissues starch accumulation ceases in mesophyll cells except when sugar export from leaves is blocked. Proper regulation of the amount of carbon that goes into starch, the pathway of starch breakdown, and the location of starch accumulation could help ensure that engineering of C4 metabolism is coordinated with the downstream reactions required for efficient photosynthesis.
机译：基本上，所有植物都在白天将淀粉储存在叶片中，并在第二天晚上将其分解。当蔗糖的合成能力受到限制时，这种暂时性淀粉的积累起溢出机制的作用，而暂时性淀粉还起着碳贮藏的作用，以在夜间提供糖分。暂时性淀粉分解可以通过两种途径中的任何一种发生。在了解C 3 植物中的这些途径方面取得了重大进展。产生麦芽糖的水解（水解）途径似乎是晚上从C 3 叶绿体中输出糖的主要来源，而磷酸化途径则为叶绿体反应提供了碳，特别是在光照下。在景天树酸代谢（CAM）植物中，当植物以C 3 模式运行时，水解途径占主导地位，而当它们以CAM模式运行时，磷水解途径则占主导地位。结合显微镜和蛋白质组学研究的结果，C 4 植物中瞬时淀粉代谢的信息现在已经可用。淀粉会在未成熟的玉米叶片组织中的所有细胞类型中积累，但在成熟叶片组织中，除非阻止从叶片中输出糖，否则淀粉在叶肉细胞中的积累会停止。适当调节进入淀粉的碳量，淀粉分解的途径以及淀粉积累的位置，可以帮助确保C 4 代谢的工程与有效光合作用所需的下游反应相协调。 。

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