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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Experimental Botany >Characterization of aqueous pores in plant cuticles and permeation of ionic solutes
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Characterization of aqueous pores in plant cuticles and permeation of ionic solutes

机译：植物表皮中水孔的表征和离子溶质的渗透

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摘要

Plant cuticles are lipid membranes with separate diffusion paths for lipophilic non-electrolytes and hydrated ionic compounds. Ions are lipid insoluble and require an aqueous pathway across cuticles. Based on experimental data, the aqueous pathway in cuticles has been characterized. Aqueous pores arise by hydration of permanent dipoles and ionic functional groups. They can be localized using ionic fluorescent dyes, silver nitrate, and mercuric chloride. Aqueous pores preferentially occur in cuticular ledges, at the base of trichomes, and in cuticles over anticlinal walls. Average pore radii ranged from 0.45 to 1.18 nm. Penetration of ions was a first order process as the fraction of the salt remaining on the cuticle surface decreased exponentially with time. Permeability of cuticles to ions depended on humidity and was highest at 100% humidity. Wetting agents increased rate constants by factors of up to 12, which indicates that the pore openings are surrounded by waxes. The pores in cuticular ledges of Helxine soleirolii allowed passage of berberine sulphate, which has a molecular weight of 769 g mol−1. Increasing the molecular weight of solutes from 100 to 500 g mol−1 decreased the rate constants of penetration by factors of 7 (Vicia faba) and 13 (Populus canescens), respectively. Half-times of penetration of inorganic salts and organic ions across Populus cuticles and Vicia leaf surfaces varied between 1 and 12 h. This shows that penetration of ionic compounds can be fairly rapid, and ions with molecular weights of up to 800 g mol−1 can penetrate cuticles that possess aqueous pores.
机译：植物角质层是脂质膜，具有亲脂性非电解质和水合离子化合物的单独扩散路径。离子是脂质不可溶的，并且需要穿过角质层的水通道。基于实验数据，已对表皮中的水通道进行了表征。水孔是由于永久偶极子和离子官能团的水合而产生的。可以使用离子荧光染料，硝酸银和氯化汞对它们进行定位。毛孔优先出现在毛状体底部的角质层壁架和背斜壁的角质层中。平均孔半径为0.45至1.18 nm。离子的渗透是一阶过程，因为表皮表面残留的盐分随时间呈指数下降。角质层对离子的渗透性取决于湿度，并且在100％湿度下最高。润湿剂将速率常数最多提高了12倍，这表明孔隙被蜡包围。 Helxine soleirolii的表皮壁架中的孔允许硫酸小ber碱通过，硫酸小ber碱的分子量为769 g mol -1 。溶质的分子量从100 g mol -1 增加到500 g mol -1 分别使渗透速率常数降低了7倍（蚕豆）和13倍率（胡杨）。无机盐和有机离子穿过胡杨表皮和蚕豆叶片表面的渗透时间为1至12小时。这表明离子化合物的渗透可以相当迅速，分子量高达800 g mol -1 的离子可以渗透具有水孔的角质层。

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  • 来源
    《Journal of Experimental Botany》 |2006年第11期|2471-2491|共21页
  • 作者

    Jörg Schönherr;

  • 作者单位

    Institute of Vegetable and Fruit Science Fruit Science Division University of Hannover Herrenhäuser Straße 2 D-30419 Hannover Germany;

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