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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology >Ocean acidification leads to altered micromechanical properties of the mineralized cuticle in juvenile red and blue king crabs
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Ocean acidification leads to altered micromechanical properties of the mineralized cuticle in juvenile red and blue king crabs

机译：海洋酸化导致红色和蓝色帝王蟹的矿化角质层的微机械性能发生变化

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摘要

Ocean acidification (OA) adversely affects a broad range of marine calcifying organisms. Crustaceans, however, exhibit mixed responses to OA, with growth or survival negatively affected in some species, but unaffected or positively affected in others. In crustaceans, the mineralized cuticle resists mechanical loads, provides protection from the environment, and enables mobility, but little is known about how OA or interactions between OA and temperature affect its structure or function. Here, the effects of OA on the mechanics, structure, and composition of the cuticle in two Alaska king crab species was assessed. Juvenile blue king crabs (Paralithodes platypus) were exposed for a year to three pH levels, 8.1 (ambient), 7.8 and 7.5. Juvenile red king crabs (Paralithodes camtschaticus) were exposed for similar to 6 months to two pH levels, 8.0 and 7.8, at three temperatures: ambient, ambient + 2 degrees C, and ambient + 4 degrees C. Cuticle microhardness (a measure of resistance to permanent or plastic mechanical deformation), thickness, ultrastructure, and elemental composition were assessed in two body regions, the carapace and the crushing chela (claw). In both species tested, OA reduced endocuticle microhardness in the chela, but not in the carapace. There was no effect of pH or temperature on total procuticle thickness of the chela or carapace in either species. Reductions in microhardness were not driven by reduced calcium content of the shell. In fact, calcium content was significantly elevated in the carapace of blue king crabs and in the chela of red king crabs exposed to lower than ambient pH at ambient temperature, suggesting that calcium content alone is not a sufficient proxy for mechanical properties. Reduced chela microhardness, indicative of more compliant material, could compromise the utility of crushing chelae in feeding and defense.
机译：海洋酸化（OA）会对广泛的海洋钙化生物产生不利影响。然而，甲壳类动物对OA表现出不同的反应，其中某些物种的生长或存活受到负面影响，而另一些物种则不受影响或受到正面影响。在甲壳类动物中，矿化的角质层可以抵抗机械负荷，提供对环境的保护并可以移动，但对OA或OA与温度之间的相互作用如何影响其结构或功能知之甚少。在这里，评估了OA对两种阿拉斯加帝王蟹物种角质层的力学，结构和组成的影响。少年蓝帝王蟹（Paralithodes platypus）暴露于三种pH值，分别为8.1（环境），7.8和7.5。在三个温度：环境温度，环境温度+ 2摄氏度和环境温度+ 4摄氏度下，将少年红帝王蟹（Paralithodes camtschaticus）暴露于两个pH值8.0和7.8约6个月。表皮显微硬度（衡量抵抗力的方法） （永久性或塑性机械变形），厚度，超微结构和元素组成在两个身体区域（甲壳和碎螯）（爪）进行了评估。在测试的两个物种中，OA都降低了螯合物中的表皮内膜显微硬度，但没有降低甲壳中的内膜微硬度。 pH或温度对这两种物种的螯或甲壳的总表皮厚度没有影响。降低外壳的钙含量并不能降低显微硬度。实际上，在环境温度下暴露于低于环境pH值的蓝色帝王蟹的甲壳和红色帝王蟹的螯中，钙含量显着升高，这表明仅钙含量不足以代替机械性能。降低的螯合显微硬度（表明材料更合规）可能会损害切碎的螯合在饲料和防御中的效用。

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