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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology >Pathogenic challenge reveals immune trade-off in mussels exposed to reduced seawater pH and increased temperature
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Pathogenic challenge reveals immune trade-off in mussels exposed to reduced seawater pH and increased temperature

机译：致病性挑战揭示了暴露于海水pH降低和温度升高的贻贝的免疫平衡

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摘要

Ocean acidification (OA) and warming pose a considerable threat to marine ecosystems. Previous studies show that these environmental co-stressors significantly impact upon a number of key physiological functions, including calcification, metabolism and growth, in many marine organisms. Yet despite the importance of the immune system, to date only a handful of studies have investigated the impact of reduced seawater pH on an organism's immune response. Furthermore, whilst temperature has received far greater attention with respect to host defence, there is a dearth of information concerning the possible synergism of these two stressors on immune defence. Here we show that a 90 day exposure to reduced seawater pH led to a reduction in the antibacterial activity of cell-free haemolymph in the blue mussel Mytilus edulis, whilst temperature led to an increase in this immune parameter. However in contrast to previous research, following this initial 90 day exposure, mussels in the current study were then exposed to the pathogenic bacterium, Vibrio tubiashii. Crucially, whilst reduced seawater pH initially appeared to impair immunological functioning, as has been interpreted previously, mussels demonstrated the ability to restore haemolymph bactericidal activity when required. This indicated that the initial reduction in antibacterial activity was in fact a reversible physiological trade-off, rather than an irreversible impairment of immune function. By demonstrating this plasticity, the current study illustrates the need to measure organism responses within a realistic natural context (i.e. measuring the immune response of an organism in the presence of a pathogen). Failure to do so may result in a misleading interpretation of the ecological relevance of experimental data, and thus the sensitivity of different species in a rapidly changing environment.
机译：海洋酸化（OA）和变暖对海洋生态系统构成了相当大的威胁。先前的研究表明，这些环境共同应激源对许多海洋生物的许多关键生理功能（包括钙化，代谢和生长）产生重大影响。尽管免疫系统很重要，但迄今为止，仅有少数研究研究了海水pH值降低对生物体免疫反应的影响。此外，尽管温度在宿主防御方面受到了越来越多的关注，但缺乏有关这两种应激源对免疫防御的可能协同作用的信息。在这里，我们显示90天暴露于降低的海水pH值会导致蓝贻贝Mytilus edulis中无细胞血淋巴的抗菌活性降低，而温度导致该免疫参数增加。然而，与先前的研究相反，在最初暴露90天后，本研究中的贻贝随后暴露于致病菌微管弧菌。至关重要的是，虽然海水pH值的降低最初似乎会削弱免疫功能，如前所述，但贻贝显示了在需要时恢复血淋巴杀菌活性的能力。这表明抗菌活性的最初降低实际上是可逆的生理平衡，而不是免疫功能的不可逆损害。通过证明这种可塑性，当前的研究表明需要在现实的自然环境中测量生物体的反应（即在病原体存在下测量生物体的免疫反应）。否则，可能会导致对实验数据的生态相关性产生误导性解释，从而导致在快速变化的环境中不同物种的敏感性。

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