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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology >Intra-guild predation among early benthic phase red and blue king crabs: Evidence for a habitat-mediated competitive advantage
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Intra-guild predation among early benthic phase red and blue king crabs: Evidence for a habitat-mediated competitive advantage

机译：在底栖阶段的红色和蓝色帝王蟹中的行会内捕食：栖息地介导的竞争优势的证据

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摘要

The apparent shift in predominance of commercial crab species from blue king crab (Paralithodes platypus) to red king crab (Paralithodes camtschaticus) around the Pribilof Islands, Alaska, USA, may be driven by ecosystem-level processes such as competitive displacement or predation during early life stages. Specifically, intra-guild predation among species during the early benthic phase might be a source of mortality limiting blue king crab population recovery. In a laboratory experiment, we evaluated how varying ratios of prey species (year-0 blue and red king crabs) and habitat type (shell and cobble) affect prey preference of year-1 red king crabs. Year-0 red king crabs were preferentially consumed over blue king crabs in shell habitat, but not cobble, likely because the smaller interstitial spaces in shell reduced predator foraging efficiency and predator-prey encounter rates. Blue king crabs had high levels of crypsis regardless of habitat type or predator presence/absence, while red king crabs were less cryptic overall compared to blue king crabs, but crypsis increased when predators were present Preference for red king crabs in shell may reflect divergent adaptations between species for minimizing predation. Blue king crab's light, mottled coloration and relatively smooth, flat carapace is well adapted for visual and physical crypsis in shell habitat, while the monochromatic dark coloration and pronounced spination of red king crabs may make them more conspicuous. Our results show that habitat can mediate intra-guild predation between Paralithodes species and suggest that shell material may provide blue king crabs a competitive advantage over red king crabs. The extent of shell habitat may be an important factor regulating blue king crab distribution or the recovery of depleted populations around the Pribilof Islands.
机译：在美国阿拉斯加的普里比洛夫群岛附近，商业蟹类物种的优势从蓝帝王蟹（Paralithodes platypus）到红帝王蟹（Paralithodes camtschaticus）的明显转变可能是由生态系统层面的过程所驱动，例如竞争性流离失所或早期捕食生活阶段。具体而言，在底栖初期的物种之间的行会内部捕食可能是限制蓝帝王蟹种群恢复的死亡率来源。在实验室实验中，我们评估了猎物种类（0岁蓝色和红色帝王蟹）和栖息地类型（贝壳和卵石）的变化比率如何影响1年级红色帝王蟹的猎物偏好。 0年级红色帝王蟹比壳类生境中的蓝色帝王蟹优先食用，但不被鹅卵石吞噬，这很可能是因为壳中较小的间隙减少了捕食者的觅食效率和捕食者-猎物的遭遇率。不论栖息地类型或捕食者的有无，蓝帝王蟹的冻菌含量都很高，而与蓝帝王蟹相比，红帝王蟹的总体隐秘性较低，但是当存在捕食者时，蓝帝蟹的数量增加了，壳中偏爱红帝王蟹可能反映了不同的适应性在物种之间减少捕食。蓝帝王蟹的颜色浅，呈斑驳状，相对光滑，平坦的甲壳非常适合贝壳生境中的视觉和物理冷冻，而红色帝王蟹的单色深色和明显的旋转可能使它们更加引人注目。我们的研究结果表明，栖息地可以在捕石虎物种之间介导行会内捕食，并表明壳材料可以为蓝色帝王蟹提供优于红色帝王蟹的竞争优势。贝壳栖息地的程度可能是调节蓝帝王蟹分布或Pribilof群岛周围枯竭种群恢复的重要因素。

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