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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology >The effect of temperature on larval development of two non-indigenous poecilogonous polychaetes (Annelida: Spionidae) with implications for life history theory, establishment and range expansion
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The effect of temperature on larval development of two non-indigenous poecilogonous polychaetes (Annelida: Spionidae) with implications for life history theory, establishment and range expansion

机译：温度对两种非本土化的拟真多毛幼体（Annelida：Spionidae）幼体发育的影响，对生命史理论，建立和范围扩展具有影响

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Marine invasions are recognized as an important threat to global biodiversity and predicting the establishment and spread of an introduced species can aid in management efforts to mitigate the damage incurred by these species. In South Africa, the recently introduced polychaete Boccardia proboscidea has been recorded at the outflow of abalone farms where they are known to infest the shells of these mollusks. To determine if B. proboscidea can become established along the South African coast and subsequently expand its range, we assessed brood size, larval size at hatching, larval survivorship and developmental time and rate of this species under temperature regimes reflective of those found along the coast. We also investigated similar temperature dependent development in the well-established non-indigenous shell borer Polydora hoplura which can serve as a proxy for our predictions. Worms were cultured in glass capillary tubes at five different temperature treatments (12 ℃, 17 ℃, 21 ℃, 24 ℃, 28 ℃) and planktotrophic and adelphophagic larvae were tracked from oviposition to settlement. We found that in P. hoplura, females producing adelphophagic larvae had smaller broods at the highest temperature treatment and higher temperatures resulted in significantly larger sizes at hatching. Survivorship of planktotrophic and adelphophagic larvae was highest at the intermediate to high temperature treatments (21 ℃ and 24 ℃) and was generally lower at the lower temperatures (12 ℃ and 17 ℃). Temperature had no significant effect on brood size of B. proboscidea whereas higher temperatures resulted in larger hatching sizes for planktotrophic and adelphophagic larvae. In B. proboscidea, larval types showed differences in survival optima with planktotrophic larvae exhibiting its highest survivorship at the colder temperatures and lowest at the warmer temperatures while adelphophagic larvae had its highest survivorship at 21 ℃ and its lowest at the extreme temperatures. There was a positive relationship between temperature and developmental rate for both species. The difference in larval sizes of the non-feeding planktotrophic larvae of B. proboscidea was attributed to a growth window that allowed for variability in reproductive traits based on exogenous factors such as temperature. More importantly, the results indicate that B. proboscidea will be capable of producing viable populations at different localities along the South African coast including those where P. hoplura has already been established.
机译：海洋入侵被认为是对全球生物多样性的重要威胁，预测引入物种的建立和传播可以帮助减轻这些物种造成的破坏的管理努力。在南非，鲍鱼养殖场的出水记录了最近引进的多毛型早熟博卡特犬（Boccardia proboscidea），已知它们感染了这些软体动物的壳。为了确定是否可以在南非沿岸建立长双歧杆菌，然后扩大其范围，我们评估了在该温度下能反映沿海岸发现的物种的孵化量，孵化时的幼体大小，存活率以及该物种的发育时间和速率。 。我们还研究了成熟的非本土壳borePolydora hoplura中类似的温度依赖性变化，该变化可以作为我们预测的代理。在五种不同的温度处理（12℃，17℃，21℃，24℃，28℃）下，在玻璃毛细管中培养蠕虫，并追踪从产卵到沉降的浮生幼虫和疏藻幼虫。我们发现，在P. Hoplura中，产生去磷吞噬幼虫的雌性在最高温度处理下的幼体较小，而较高的温度导致孵化时的体型明显更大。浮游和幼虫的存活率在中至高温处理（21℃和24℃）中最高，而在较低温度（12℃和17℃）中通常较低。温度对长双歧杆菌的孵化量没有显着影响，而较高的温度会导致浮游和疏磷幼虫的孵化量增大。在B. proboscidea中，幼虫的生存期最佳不同，浮游性幼虫在较冷的温度下表现出最高的存活率，而在较温暖的温度下则表现出最低的存活率，而浮萍性幼虫在21℃下的存活率最高，而在极端温度下的存活率最低。两种物种的温度和发育速度之间存在正相关关系。非食性双歧杆菌浮游幼虫幼虫大小的差异归因于一个生长窗口，该窗口允许根据温度等外在因素改变生殖性状。更重要的是，这些结果表明，无疟原虫将能够在南非沿海不同地方（包括已经建立了霍乱疟原虫的地方）生产可行种群。

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