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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology >Movement patterns of giant Pacific octopuses, Enteroctopus dofleini (Wuelker, 1910)
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Movement patterns of giant Pacific octopuses, Enteroctopus dofleini (Wuelker, 1910)

机译：巨型太平洋章鱼Enteroctopus dofleini的运动方式（Wuelker，1910年）

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We attached sonic transmitters to, and tracked, 40 giant Pacific octopuses (Enteroctopus dofleini) ranging from <1 to 21 kg in size in south-central Alaska using near-continuous tracking by fixed-array receivers and intermittent tracking with a mobile receiver. We documented area use, daily activity patterns, spatial scale of movements and whether these differed by octopus size, and whether octopuses actively selected habitats. Near-continuous fixed tracking provided positions about every 4 min over a limited area, while intermittent mobile tracking provided positions every 1-6 h but over open and larger areas. Mantle-mounted transmitters on modified Peterson disks had >83% retention to the end of a tracking period (range <1 day [before animal left the study area] to at least 88 days post-release), an improvement over published studies. Octopuses were found to be stationary or hiding 94% of the time. Otherwise, octopuses were active throughout the day but more so from midnight to 0500. During low tides, movements were restricted for animals in intertidal habitats but not for those deeper. Maximum movement distance from release was 4.8 km (by a 16.5 kg female). Minimum convex polygon area use averaged 4,300 m2 for the smallest animals to an average over 50,000 m2 for the largest during 2 to 20 days of tracking, substantially larger than previously reported. Larger octopuses moved further and used greater area than smaller animals, but differences between sexes were not significant.Stationary behavior and periods without detection (rest) by fixed near-continuous tracking were bi-modally distributed, with peaks <3 h duration and > 18-48 h. Direct movements (indicating relocation or den switching) were common at night, central-tendency movements (indicating localized area use and return to den) were common at dawn, and stationary behavior was common in daylight, although each pattern occurred at all periods. Central-tendency movements recorded by intermittent tracking were oriented parallel to contours, while movements without central-tendency crossed contours, suggesting that animals navigate by contour following to return to a known den. During a relocation experiment, octopuses released at shallow depths moved deeper and those released deeper moved shallower, both into habitats with greater kelp cover. Although > 90% of their time was spent stationary and hiding, Enteroctopus dofleini utilizes information about its environment (contour following), selects habitats (preference for more kelp cover), and occupies large use areas (minimum convex polygons) by making substantial direct movements from previous use areas.
机译：我们使用固定阵列接收器进行近乎连续的跟踪，并使用移动接收器进行间歇性跟踪，从而在阿拉斯加中部将40个巨型太平洋章鱼（Enteroctopus dofleini）的声发射器连接起来并进行跟踪，这些章鱼的大小在1至21千克之间。我们记录了区域使用情况，日常活动模式，运动的空间规模以及这些变化是否因章鱼大小而异，以及章鱼是否主动选择了栖息地。几乎连续的固定跟踪在有限的区域中大约每4分钟提供位置，而间歇性移动跟踪则每1-6小时在开放和较大区域提供位置。在改良的Peterson盘上安装在地幔上的变送器在跟踪期结束时（> 1天[动物离开研究区之前]到释放后至少88天）具有> 83％的保留率，这是对已发表研究的改进。发现章鱼静止不动或隐匿了94％的时间。否则，章鱼在全天都是活跃的，但从午夜到0500则更为活跃。在退潮期间，潮间带栖息地的动物活动受到限制，但更深处的动物则不受限制。释放时的最大移动距离为4.8 km（16.5 kg的女性）。在追踪的2到20天内，最小的凸多边形面积平均使用最小的动物，平均面积为4,300平方米，最大的平均使用面积为50,000平方米，大大大于以前的报告。与较小的动物相比，较大的章鱼移动更远且占用的面积更大，但性别之间的差异并不显着。固定行为和通过固定近连续跟踪未检测到（静止）的时间段是双峰分布的，峰值<3小时持续时间> 18 -48小时夜间经常有直接运动（表示搬迁或搬家），黎明时有中央候车运动（表示在当地使用和返回书房），白天则有固定的举动，尽管在各个时期都发生了固定的举动。通过间歇性跟踪记录的中央趋势运动的方向平行于轮廓，而没有中央趋势的运动则越过轮廓，这表明动物按照轮廓进行导航以返回到已知的巢穴。在重新安置实验中，释放到较浅深度的章鱼向深处移动，而释放更深的那些章鱼向较浅的海带覆盖区迁移。尽管90％以上的时间都花在了静止和躲藏上，但Enteroctopus dofleini利用了有关其环境的信息（跟随轮廓），选择了栖息地（希望有更多的海带覆盖物）并通过进行大量直接移动来占据较大的使用区域（最小的凸多边形）。来自以前的使用领域。

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