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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology >The ocean acidification seascape and its relationship to the performance of calcifying marine invertebrates: Laboratory experiments on the development of urchin larvae framed by environmentally-relevant pCO_2/pH
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The ocean acidification seascape and its relationship to the performance of calcifying marine invertebrates: Laboratory experiments on the development of urchin larvae framed by environmentally-relevant pCO_2/pH

机译：海洋酸化海景及其与钙化海洋无脊椎动物性能的关系：与环境相关的pCO_2 / pH构架的海胆幼虫发育的室内实验

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Variation in ocean pH is a dynamic process occurring naturally in the upwelling zone of the California Current Large Marine Ecosystem. The nearshore carbonate chemistry is under-characterized and the physiology of local organisms may be under constant challenge from cyclical changes in pH and carbonate ion concentration of unexpectedly high magnitude. We looked to environmental pH conditions of coastal upwelling and used those values to examine effects of low pH on 4-arm larvae of purple sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. We deployed a pH sensor at a nearshore shallow benthic site for 3 weeks during summer 2010 to assess the changes in pH in the Santa Barbara Channel, a region considered to have relatively less intense upwelling along the US Pacific Coast. Large fluctuations in pH of up to 0.67 pH units were observed over short time scales of several days. Daily pH fluctuations on a tidal pattern followed temperature fluctuations over short time scales, but not over scales greater than a day. The lowest pH values recorded (-7.70) are lower than some of those pH values predicted to occur in surface oceans at the end of the century. In the context of this dynamic pH exposure, larvae were raised at elevated pCO_2 levels of 1000 ppm and 1450 ppm CO_2 (pH 7.7 and 7.5 respectively) and measured for total larval length (from the spicule tip of the postoral arm to the spicule tip of the aboral point) along the spicules, to assess effects of low pH upwelling water on morphology. Larvae in all treatments maintained normal development and developmental schedule to day 6, and did not exhibit significant differences in larval asymmetry between treatments. At day 3 and day 6, larvae in the 1450 ppm CO_2 treatment were significantly smaller (p < 0.001) than the control larvae by only 7-13%. The observation of smaller larvae raised under high pCO_2 has an as yet undetermined physiological mechanism, but has implications for locomotion and feeding. These effects of small magnitude in these urchin larvae are indicative of a potential resilience to near-future levels of ocean acidification. Using environmental monitoring of pH to inform experimental parameters provides a means to improve our understanding of acclimatization of organisms in a dynamic ecosystem.
机译：海洋pH值的变化是一个动态过程，自然地发生在加利福尼亚州当前大型海洋生态系统的上升流区。 pH和碳酸盐离子浓度的周期性变化（出乎意料的高水平）可能会不断挑战近岸碳酸盐化学的特性，并且局部生物的生理可能会不断受到挑战。我们研究了沿海上升流的环境pH条件，并使用这些值来检查低pH对紫色海胆Strongylocentrotus purpuratus的4臂幼虫的影响。我们于2010年夏季在近岸浅水底地点部署了pH传感器3周，以评估圣塔芭芭拉海峡的pH值变化，该地区被认为在美国太平洋沿岸的上升趋势相对较弱。在几天的短时间内观察到最大0.67 pH单位的pH波动。潮汐模式下的每日pH波动在短时间范围内跟随温度波动，但不超过一天以上。记录的最低pH值（-7.70）低于本世纪末预计在表层海洋中出现的某些pH值。在这种动态pH暴露的情况下，将幼虫在升高的pCO_2水平（1000 ppm和1450 ppm CO_2（分别为pH 7.7和7.5））下饲养，并测量幼虫的总长度（从后臂的针尖到针尖的针尖）。沿针尖），以评估低pH上升流水对形态的影响。所有处理中的幼虫在第6天之前都保持正常的发育和发育进度，并且各处理之间的幼虫不对称性没有显着差异。在第3天和第6天，在1450 ppm CO_2处理中的幼虫比对照幼虫显着小（p <0.001），仅为7-13％。在高pCO_2浓度下饲养的较小幼虫的生理机制尚未确定，但对运动和进食有影响。这些海胆幼虫的小幅影响表明它们对近来的海洋酸化水平具有潜在的适应能力。使用pH值的环境监测为实验参数提供信息，可以改善我们对动态生态系统中生物适应的理解。

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