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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology >Using experimental ecology to understand stock enhancement: Comparisons of habitat-related predation on wild and hatchery-reared Penaeus plebejus Hess
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Using experimental ecology to understand stock enhancement: Comparisons of habitat-related predation on wild and hatchery-reared Penaeus plebejus Hess

机译：利用实验生态学来了解种群增加：野生和孵化场对虾Penaeus plebejus Hess栖息地相关捕食的比较

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摘要

Marine stock enhancement is often characterized by poor survival of hatchery-reared individuals due to deficiencies in their fitness, such as a diminished capacity to avoid predators. Field experiments were used to examine predation on Penaeus plebejus, a current candidate for stock enhancement in Australia. We compared overall survival of, and rates of predation on, wild P. plebejus juveniles, naieve hatchery-reared juveniles (which represented the state of individuals intended for stock enhancement) and experienced hatchery-reared juveniles (which had been exposed to natural predatory stimuli). Predation was examined in the presence of an ambush predator (Centropogon australis White, 1790) and an active-pursuit predator (Metapenaeus macleayi Haswell) within both complex (artificial macrophyte) and simple (bare sand and mud) habitats. Overall survival was lower and rates of predation were higher in simple habitats compared to complex habitats in the presence of C australis. However, the three categories of juveniles survived at similar proportions and suffered similar rates of predation within each individual habitat No differences in survival and rates of predation were detected among habitats or the categories of juveniles when M. madeayi was used as a predator. These results indicate that wild and hatchery-reared P. plebejus juveniles are equally capable of avoiding predators. Furthermore, exposure of hatchery-reared juveniles to wild conditions does not increase their ability to avoid predators, suggesting an innate rather than learned anti-predator response. The lower predation by C australis in complex habitats was attributed to a reduction in this ambush predator's foraging efficiency due to the presence of structure. Ecological experiments comparing wild and hatchery-reared individuals should precede all stock enhancement programs because they may identify deficits in hatchery-reared animals that could be mitigated to optimize survival. Such studies can also identify weaknesses in wild animals, relative to hatchery-reared individuals, that may lead to the loss of resident populations.
机译：由于适应能力的缺陷（例如避免躲避捕食者的能力降低），孵化场饲养个体的生存能力通常较差，这是海洋种群增加的特征。野外实验被用来检查对虾对虾（Penaeus plebejus）的捕食，该对虾目前是澳大利亚种群增加的候选者。我们比较了野生P. plebejus幼体，幼稚的孵化场饲养的幼鱼（代表打算增加种群的个体的状态）和有经验的孵化场饲养的幼鱼（已暴露于自然的掠食性刺激下）的总体存活率和捕食率）。在复杂的（人工大型植物）和简单的（裸露的沙子和泥巴）生境中都存在伏击捕食者（Centropogon australis White，1790）和主动追踪捕食者（Metapenaeus macleayi Haswell）的情况下检查捕食情况。与存在澳大利亚南方楠时的复杂生境相比，简单生境中的总生存率较低，捕食率更高。但是，这三种类型的幼体在每个单独的栖息地中以相似的比例生存并且遭受相似的捕食率。当M. Madeayi被用作捕食者时，在栖息地或幼体类别中未发现存活率和捕食率的差异。这些结果表明，野生的和孵化场饲养的P. plebejus幼体同样有能力避开捕食者。此外，将孵化场饲养的幼鱼暴露于野生条件下并不会增加其避免捕食者的能力，这表明是天生的，而不是习得的反捕食者反应。在复杂的栖息地中，澳洲南方捕食者的捕食率较低是由于这种埋伏捕食者由于结构的存在而降低了它们的觅食效率。比较野生和孵化场饲养的个体的生态实验应在所有种群增加计划之前进行，因为它们可以发现孵化场饲养的动物的缺陷，可以减少这些缺陷以优化生存。此类研究还可以确定野生动物相对于孵化场饲养的个体的弱点，这可能导致常住人口的流失。

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    Faith Ochwada-Doyle; Charles A. Gray; Neil R. Loneragan; Matthew D. Taylor;

  • 作者单位

    Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Science, University of New South Wales, NSW, 2052, Australia Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Building 22, Chowder Bay Road, Mosman, New South Wales, 2088, Australia;

    rnCronulla Fisheries Research Centre, NSW Primary Industries Science and Research, P.O. Box 21, Cronulla, NSW, 2230, Australia;

    rnCentre for Fish and Fisheries Research, School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Murdoch University, South Street, Murdoch, Western Australia, 6150, Australia;

    rnEvolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Science, University of New South Wales, NSW, 2052, Australia Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Building 22, Chowder Bay Road, Mosman, New South Wales, 2088, Australia;

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  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    Eastern Australia; fisheries management; habitat structure; macrophyte; predation; stock enhancement;

    机译：澳大利亚东部;渔业管理;生境结构;大型植物掠夺库存提升;

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