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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology >A physiological marker for quantifying differential reproductive investment between the sexes in Yellow-legged gulls (Larus michahellis)
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A physiological marker for quantifying differential reproductive investment between the sexes in Yellow-legged gulls (Larus michahellis)

机译：定量黄腿鸥（Larus michahellis）雌雄之间性别差异生殖投资的生理指标

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Asymmetry between males and females in the energy they invest initially in reproduction has resulted in the evolution of differing reproductive strategies (caring females vs. competitive males). However, parental care in many birds is shared by both sexes suggesting that male energy expenditure in agonistic behaviors and courtship feeding might compensate female costs of clutch production. Here, we tested the hypothesis that initial investment in reproduction by both sexes in the Yellow-legged Gull {Larus michahellis), a species with biparental care, is similar from a physiological perspective. In this income breeder, female and male reproductive investment during early breeding can be ultimately related to muscular activity (local foraging effort required for clutch production in females and courtship feeding and agonistic behaviors in the case of males). Thus, we evaluated sex-specific patterns of creatine kinase (CK, IU/L) levels in plasma, an indicator of physical effort associated with muscular activity dependent behaviors, through incubation as a reflection of the physiological response of both sexes to the reproductive investment they made up to clutch completion. Raw levels of CK were related to plasma levels of total proteins (TP, g/dL) to account for the differential physiological state of individuals when sampled (i.e. differential dehydratation). Female costs of clutch production were associated with post-laying levels of CK/TP. We grouped females according to their relative investment in clutch production: <15.8%, 15.8 to 17.3% and >17.3% of field metabolic rate; which showed increasing values of CK/TP (24.6, 53.1 and 66.0 IU/g, respectively). Moreover, we found similar CK/TP trends throughout incubation for both sexes (CK/TP = 50.2— [3.3 xdays from laying]) suggesting similar physiological responses to reproductive effort and, therefore, analogous sex-specific initial investment. Thus, male investment in agonistic behaviors and courtship feeding apparently equaled female investment in clutch production. The use of CK measurements is revealed as a useful approach to investigating overall investment in reproduction for both sexes, providing further insights into our comprehension of reproductive strategies in seabirds.
机译：男性和女性最初投资于生殖的能量之间的不对称性导致了不同生殖策略的发展（照顾女性与竞争男性）。但是，许多鸟类的父母都由男女共同照顾，这表明男性在激动行为和求偶喂养中的能量消耗可能会补偿雌性离合器生产的成本。在这里，我们检验了以下假设：从生理学角度来看，双足繁殖的黄腿鸥（Larus michahellis）的两性繁殖的初始投资是相似的。在这个收入育种者中，早期育种中的雌性和雄性生殖投资最终可能与肌肉活动有关（雌性离合器生产和求偶喂养所需的局部觅食努力，雄性则需要激动行为）。因此，我们通过孵化评估了血浆中肌酸激酶（CK，IU / L）水平的性别特异性模式，肌酸激酶是与肌肉活动依赖性行为相关的体力劳动的指标，反映了性别对生殖投资的生理反应他们决定完成离合器。 CK的原始水平与总蛋白的血浆水平（TP，g / dL）相关，以说明采样时个体的不同生理状态（即，不同程度的脱水）。女性生产离合器的成本与CK / TP的产后水平有关。我们根据雌性对离合器生产的相对投资将雌性分组：田间新陈代谢率分别为<15.8％，15.8至17.3％和> 17.3％。结果显示CK / TP值增加（分别为24.6、53.1和66.0 IU / g）。此外，我们发现在整个孵化过程中，男女双方的CK / TP趋势相似（CK / TP = 50.2- [产后3.3天]），表明对生殖力的生理反应相似，因此，针对特定性别的初始投资相似。因此，男性在激动性行为和求爱上的投入显然等于女性在离合器生产上的投入。 CK测量的使用被揭示为一种调查男女生殖总投资的有用方法，为我们对海鸟生殖策略的理解提供了进一步的见识。

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