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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology >Responses Of The Sea Catfish Ariopsis Felis To Chemical Defenses From The Sea Hare Aplysia Californica
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Responses Of The Sea Catfish Ariopsis Felis To Chemical Defenses From The Sea Hare Aplysia Californica

机译：海水Cat鱼Ariopsis Felis对海兔Aplysia Californica的化学防御反应

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摘要

Ink secretion of sea hares (Aplysia spp.), which is a mixture of co-released ink from the ink gland and opaline from the opaline gland, protects sea hares from predatory invertebrates through diverse mechanisms. These include both aversive or deterrent compounds and also high concentrations of amino acids that stimulate the predators' chemical senses and divert the attack through phagomimicry or sensory disruption. The aim of the present study was to examine if sea hares also defend themselves from predatory vertebrates by interacting with their chemical senses. We used sea catfish, Ariopsis felis, in behavioral and electrophysiological experiments. Behavioral tests on sea catfish show that ink is aversive: when ink is added to palatable food items (noodles with food flavoring), the noodles are no longer eaten, and when ink is added to noodles without food flavoring, the noodles are avoided more than unflavored noodles. Behavioral tests also show that opaline and the amino acid components of either opaline or ink are appetitive. Electrophysiological recordings of chemosensory neuronal activity in the olfactory epithelium and maxillary barbels show that the olfactory and gustatory systems of sea catfish are highly stimulated by ink and opaline, and that the amino acid components of ink and opaline significantly contribute to these responses. Compounds generated by the activity of escapin, an L-amino acid oxidase in the secretion, are moderately stimulatory to both olfactory and gustatory systems. Taken together, our results support the idea that sea hares are chemically defended from predatory sea catfish largely through unpalatable chemical deterrents in ink, but possibly also through amino acids stimulating olfactory and gustatory systems and thus functioning through phagomimicry or sensory disruption.
机译：海兔（Aplysia spp。）的墨水分泌物是墨水腺体中共释放的墨水与透明脂腺体中的透明脂一起释放的混合物，可通过多种机制保护海兔免受掠夺性无脊椎动物的侵害。这些物质既包括令人反感或具有威慑作用的化合物，也包括高浓度氨基酸，这些氨基酸可刺激掠食者的化学感觉，并通过吞噬作用或感觉破坏来转移攻击。本研究的目的是检验海兔是否也通过与它们的化学感觉相互作用来保护自己免受掠夺性脊椎动物的侵害。我们在行为和电生理实验中使用了海cat鱼（Ariopsis felis）。对海cat鱼的行为测试表明，墨水是令人厌恶的：将墨水添加到可口食品（带有食物调味剂的面条）时，不再食用面条；当将墨水添加到没有食物调味剂的面条中时，则避免了面条过多无味的面条。行为测试还显示，透明脂和透明脂或墨水的氨基酸成分具有吸收性。嗅觉上皮和上颌骨的化学感觉神经元活动的电生理记录表明，墨水和透明脂对海cat鱼的嗅觉和味觉系统有强烈的刺激作用，墨水和透明脂的氨基酸成分显着促进了这些反应。由分泌物Ecapin的活性产生的化合物对嗅觉和味觉系统均具有中等刺激性。综上所述，我们的研究结果支持了这样的想法，即海兔在化学上可以抵御掠夺性海cat，主要是通过墨水中难闻的化学威慑剂，而且还可以通过氨基酸刺激嗅觉和味觉系统，从而通过吞噬作用或感觉破坏来发挥作用。

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