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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology >The diet composition of immature loggerheads: Insights on trophic niche, growth rates, and fisheries interactions
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The diet composition of immature loggerheads: Insights on trophic niche, growth rates, and fisheries interactions

机译：未成熟的饮食组成：对营养生态位，生长率和渔业相互作用的见解

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摘要

For immature animals, diet quality and composition influence expression of life history traits such as growth rates and ultimately life stage duration and age to maturity. Circumglobally distributed loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) exhibit a multi-decade immature stage that generally occupies neritic habitats and is characterized by slow growth and an omnivorous diet. Although adult nesting populations are geographically distinct, foraging areas for immature loggerheads show a high degree of mixing of individuals that originate from multiple nesting stocks. Furthermore, despite their generalist foraging ecology, immature loggerheads have been observed to supplement their natural diets with fish from fishery discards and/or caught in fishing gear. However, whether trophic opportunism results in variation in loggerhead growth rates within or among feeding areas has not been investigated. In Core Sound, North Carolina (NC), USA, immature loggerheads demonstrate highly variable size-specific growth rates, in contrast to other studies that report discernible somatic growth functions in immature marine turtles. To determine whether inter-individual variation in growth rates at this site was due to variation in diet composition, and specifically variation in consumption of fish, we analyzed carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios of loggerhead blood plasma and of tissue samples of putative loggerhead prey, as well as commercially important fish species. Our results indicated that growth rates were not related to trophic levels at which individual turtles fed, but rather probably reflected inter-individual variation in overwintering or foraging behavior (i.e. nearshore vs. offshore). Furthermore, loggerhead diets were highly diverse, and comprised mainly blue crabs and/or whelks, as well as small proportions of cannonball jellies. Fish were unimportant dietary components for loggerheads. Although loggerheads in NC do not appear to feed on fish catch or discards, immature turtles showed dietary preferences for prey items that are also valuable to or are commonly taken as bycatch in commercial fisheries (e.g. blue crabs and whelks, respectively) in the region. Thus, the status of these prey items/fishery stocks as well as trends in loggerhead populations should be monitored to mitigate potential competitive interactions between fisheries activities and loggerhead turtles.
机译：对于未成熟的动物，饮食质量和组成会影响生活史特征的表达，例如生长速度，最终影响生命周期的持续时间和成熟年龄。分布在全球各地的龟（Caretta caretta）表现出数十年的不成熟阶段，通常占据着易生的栖息地，并且生长缓慢且杂食性高。尽管成年筑巢种群在地理上是不同的，但未成熟的觅食区域显示出来自多种筑巢种群的个体高度融合。此外，尽管它们具有通俗的觅食生态，但已观察到未成熟的高头head用来自渔业丢弃物和/或被渔具捕获的鱼补充其自然饮食。然而，尚未调查营养机会主义是否导致饲喂区内部或饲喂区之间牛增长率的变化。在美国北卡罗来纳州北卡罗来纳州的Core Sound，不成熟的logger表现出高度不同的大小特异性生长率，这与其他报告指出不成熟的海龟具有明显的体细胞生长功能的研究相反。为了确定该地点的个体间增长率变化是否是由于饮食组成的变化，尤其是鱼类消费的变化，我们分析了黑头血浆和假定的黑头猎物的组织样品的碳和氮稳定同位素比，以及具有商业意义的鱼类。我们的结果表明，增长率与单个海龟摄食的营养水平无关，而可能反映了越冬或觅食行为的个体差异（即近岸与近海）。此外，鱼的饮食种类繁多，主要包括青蟹和/或海螺以及少量的炮弹果冻。鱼是的重要饮食成分。尽管北卡罗来纳州的鱼似乎不以捕捞或丢弃鱼类为食，但未成熟的海龟在饮食上仍偏爱对该地区的商业渔业也有价值或通常被兼捕的猎物（例如分别为蓝蟹和海螺）。因此，应监测这些猎物/渔业种群的状况以及的趋势，以减轻渔业活动和的潜在竞争竞争。

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    Bryan P. Wallace; Larisa Avens; Joanne Braun-McNeill; Catherine M. McClellan;

  • 作者单位

    Center for Applied Biodiversity Science, Conservation International, 2011 Crystal Drive, Suite 500, Arlington, VA 22202, USA Duke University Marine Lab, Division of Marine Science and Conservation, Nicholas School of the Environment, 135 DUML Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516, USA;

    NOAA, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, Center for Coastal Fisheries and Habitat Research, 101 Fivers Island Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516, USA;

    NOAA, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, Center for Coastal Fisheries and Habitat Research, 101 Fivers Island Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516, USA;

    Duke University Marine Lab, Division of Marine Science and Conservation, Nicholas School of the Environment, 135 DUML Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516, USA;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    fishery interactions; marine turtles; omnivory; stable isotopes; trophic niche;

    机译：渔业互动;海龟;杂食稳定同位素营养小生境;

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