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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology >Escape reaction performance of myelinated and non-myelinated calanoid copepods
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Escape reaction performance of myelinated and non-myelinated calanoid copepods

机译：有髓和无髓cal骨cal足类的逃避反应性能

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Calanoid copepods from seven families in three superfamilies were exposed to a controlled near-field hydrodynamic stimulus and their escape reactions were recorded using high-speed videographic techniques. Copepod species have two distinct mechanisms for increasing conduction speed of neural signals: larger diameter nerve axons and insulated axons, i.e., myelination. Myelinated axons have been found in certain species of the more recently-evolved calanoid superfamilies. Copepod representatives from these superfamilies were expected to have shorter response latencies than species from more ancestral superfamilies due to the increased conduction speed of nerve impulses in myelinated neurons. Using frame-by-frame playback and computerized motion analysis techniques, response latency, jump speed, and acceleration were measured. Kinetic performance of copepods was highly variable, with mean escape speeds ranging between 100-250 mm s~(-1) and accelerations of 9-230 m s~(-2). Minimum behavioral response latencies of 2 ms were recorded for both myelinated and non-myelinated calanoids. There was no significant difference between the response latencies of copepods from the myelinated and non-myelinated superfamilies. Furthermore, no relationships were found between copepod latency and size for either myelinated or non-myelinated species. Previous research may suggest that myelin may shorten the response latencies of certain calanoid species. However, our results show that non-myelinated copepods are also capable of responding rapidly, within as few as 2 ms, to hydrodynamic stimuli and produce similar kinetic performance to myelinated species. The main advantage of myelination over giant nerve axons is their more efficient transfer of nerve impulses resulting in a metabolic energy savings. Although this energetic reward would be important for copepods in food-limited environments, for coastal copepods, in food-rich habitats, either mechanism is a viable solution.
机译：将来自三个超科的七个科的类alan足类动物暴露于受控的近场水动力刺激下，并使用高速摄像技术记录其逃逸反应。 pe足类具有两种不同的机制来增加神经信号的传导速度：较大直径的神经轴突和绝缘的轴突，即髓鞘化。在最近进化的类人猿超家族的某些物种中发现了髓鞘轴突。由于有髓神经元中神经冲动的传导速度增加，预计来自这些超家族的足类代表的响应潜伏期要比来自更多祖先超家族的物种的潜伏期短。使用逐帧回放和计算机化的运动分析技术，可以测量响应潜伏期，跳跃速度和加速度。 pe足类动物的运动性能高度可变，平均逃逸速度为100-250 mm s〜（-1），加速度为9-230 m s〜（-2）。髓鞘和非髓鞘的类cal动物的最小行为反应潜伏期均记录为2 ms。来自有髓和无髓超家族的co足类的反应潜伏期之间没有显着差异。此外，在有髓或无髓物种的co足类潜伏期和大小之间均未发现任何关系。先前的研究可能表明，髓磷脂可能会缩短某些类钙素物种的反应潜伏期。但是，我们的研究结果表明，非髓鞘pe足类动物也能够在短至2 ms的时间内快速响应水动力刺激，并产生与髓鞘物种相似的动力学性能。与巨大的神经轴突相比，髓鞘化的主要优势在于它们能更有效地转移神经冲动，从而节省了代谢能量。尽管这种高能量的奖励对于在食物有限的环境中的co足动物很重要，对于沿海的pe足动物，在食物丰富的栖息地中，这两种机制都是可行的解决方案。

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