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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology >Interactive Effects Of Haloclines And Food Patches On The Vertical Distribution Of 3 Species Of Temperate Invertebrate Larvae
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Interactive Effects Of Haloclines And Food Patches On The Vertical Distribution Of 3 Species Of Temperate Invertebrate Larvae

机译：盐和食物斑块对3种温带无脊椎动物幼虫垂直分布的相互作用

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In laboratory experiments, we examined the effect of haloclines and determined whether the presence of food patches overrides this effect on larval vertical distribution of the sea star Asterias rubens, the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis and the mussel Mytilus edulis. We experimentally constructed haloclines in which the salinity of the bottom water layer was 35 and that of the top layer was 21,24,27, and 30 (21 /35,24/35, 27/35, and 30/35) for A rubens and S. droebachiensis, and 24,27,30 and 32 (24/35,27/35,30/35, and 32/35) for M. edulis. For each species and stage, additional halocline treatments (A rubens: 24/32 and 27/32; 4-arm S. droebachiensis: 21/29 and 24/32; 6-arm S. droebachiensis: 24/29 and 24/32; M. edulis: 27/32 and 30/32) were used to determine whether the larval response to inhibitory salinity gradients was due to the absolute salinity of the top layer or the relative salinity difference between the two layers. Also, we measured the density of A rubens and M. edulis to determine whether the specific gravity of larvae can explain the observed vertical distributions. Larvae aggregated at and below the halocline and these aggregations were more pronounced with increasing strength of the vertical salinity gradient. Threshold salinities in the top layer which inhibited ～100% of the larvae from crossing the halocline were 24 for A rubens and M. edulis, and 21 for S. droebachiensis. These distributional patterns were not the result of larval density, which was greater than all treatment water densities for M. edulis and S. droebachiensis and lower for A rubens. The effect of the presence of a food patch at inhibitory haloclines (A rubens: 24/35 and 27/35; 4-arm S. droebachiensis: 21/34 and 24/34; M. edulis: 27/35) was determined by using three algal densities: 0, 5000 or 10 000 cells ml~(-1) Thalassiosira pseudonana in either the top or the bottom water layer. For both A rubens and M. edulis, the number of larvae at the halocline increased in the presence of a food patch, but this effect did not depend on algal density in the patch. For 4-arm S. droebachiensis, there was no effect of the presence of a food patch on larval vertical distribution. Our results suggest that low salinity may act as a barrier to vertical movement and that the presence of food patches above the halocline may strengthen the larval aggregation response to inhibitory haloclines.
机译：在实验室实验中，我们检查了盐环的影响，并确定了食物补丁的存在是否能覆盖对海星Asterias rubens，海胆Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis和贻贝贻贝的幼虫垂直分布的影响。我们实验构建了盐湖，其中A的底部水层盐度为35，顶层的盐度为21、24、27和30（21 / 35、24 / 35、27 / 35和30/35） rubens和S. droebachiensis，以及24.27,30和32（24 / 35,27 / 35,30 / 35和32/35）。对于每个物种和每个阶段，都要进行其他盐碱处理（A rubens：24/32和27/32； 4臂德氏链球菌：21/29和24/32； 6臂德氏链球菌：24/29和24/32 ； M。edulis：27/32和30/32）用于确定幼虫对抑制性盐度梯度的响应是由于顶层的绝对盐度还是两层之间的相对盐度差异引起的。此外，我们测量了红宝石和可食的M. ed密度，以确定幼虫的比重是否可以解释观察到的垂直分布。幼虫聚集在盐环及其下方，并且随着垂直盐度梯度强度的增加，这些聚集更加明显。抑制约100％幼虫穿过盐湖的顶层的阈值盐度对于A rubens和M. edulis为24，对于S. droebachiensis为21。这些分布方式不是幼虫密度的结果，其密度大于可食蓝藻和德氏链球菌的所有处理水密度，而低于红宝石。用以下方法测定食物贴剂对抑制性盐卤的影响（鲁本斯：24/35和27/35；四臂德氏链球菌：21/34和24/34；可食蓝霉：27/35）。使用三种藻类密度：在顶部或底部水层中的0、5000或10,000个细胞ml〜（-1）拟滨藻。对于A rubens和M. edulis，在有食物贴剂的情况下，盐环处的幼虫数量增加，但是这种效果并不取决于贴剂中的藻类密度。对于4臂droebachiensis，没有食物斑块的存在对幼虫垂直分布没有影响。我们的结果表明，低盐度可能会阻碍垂直运动，并且盐卤上方的食物斑块的存在可能会增强幼虫对抑制性盐卤的聚集反应。

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