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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology >Predation By Small Mobile Aquatic Predators Regulates Populations Of The Intertidal Limpet Patella Vulgata (l.)
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Predation By Small Mobile Aquatic Predators Regulates Populations Of The Intertidal Limpet Patella Vulgata (l.)

机译：小型流动水生捕食者的捕食活动可调节潮间壁m虫ella的种群（l。）

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Highly mobile aquatic predators are known to forage in the intertidal during periods of immersion. There is limited quantitative information, however, on the extent to which these predators influence the abundance of grazing molluscs which are known to have a key role in structuring intertidal assemblages. Our preliminary video observations revealed that crabs and small fish were abundant on shores in southwest England during high-tide. We then used manipulative experiments to quantify the effect of small mobile aquatic predators on the abundance of limpets (Patella vulgata L). On the lower shore at two moderately sheltered rocky shores three treatments were established: complete cage, partial cage (cage control) and uncaged (natural condition). The complete cages excluded all predators. The partial cage treatment allowed full access to small predators and the uncaged treatment allowed access to all predators. After two months, limpet abundance in uncaged and partial cage treatments had declined by around 50% compared to the complete cage treatment. Population structure also changed with survival of larger individuals being greater than smaller individuals in the open and partial cage treatments compared to the complete cage treatment. The effects of excluding predators were consistent at small (meters) and large spatial scales (kilometres) and hence, it would appear that the outcomes of our research are generally applicable to similar shores in the region.rnTo explore the mechanism behind the differential effects of predators according to prey size, we compared the detachment force required to remove limpets of differing sizes from the shore. This was around four times greater for larger individuals than for smaller ones indicating that smaller limpets were more vulnerable to predation. These effects were also consistent between locations. Subsequent laboratory observations showed that the crabs Carcinus maenas (L.), Necora puber (L.) and Cancer pagurus (L.) which are locally abundant predators of limpets, had differing handling behaviour but were all highly efficient at removing limpets from substratum. Hence, shell width and attachment force appeared to be critical factors influencing the vulnerability of limpets to predation by these crabs. Limpets are known to control the abundance of macroalgae on shores in the North-east Atlantic and so our conclusions about the role of mobile predators in regulating the abundance of these grazers are important to our broader understanding of the ecology of these shores.
机译：众所周知，高度活跃的水族捕食者会在浸没期间在潮间带觅食。然而，关于这些捕食者在多大程度上影响放牧软体动物的数量，定量信息有限，已知它们在构造潮间带组合中起关键作用。我们的初步视频观察表明，在涨潮期间，英格兰西南部的海岸上盛产螃蟹和小鱼。然后，我们使用操纵性实验来量化小型移动水生捕食者对帽贝（P虫）数量的影响。在较低的海岸，在两个中等庇护的岩石海岸上，建立了三种处理方法：完全笼养，部分笼养（笼养）和未笼养（自然条件）。完整的笼子排除了所有捕食者。部分笼养允许完全进入小型捕食者，而未笼养的治疗则允许所有捕食者进入。两个月后，与完全笼养相比，未笼养和部分笼养的帽贝丰度下降了约50％。与完全笼养相比，在开放和部分笼养中，较大个体的生存大于较小个体，其种群结构也发生了变化。在小（米）和大空间尺度（公里）处，排除天敌的影响是一致的，因此，我们的研究结果似乎普遍适用于该地区的类似海岸。根据捕食者的大小，我们比较了从岸上移走不同大小的衣壳所需的分离力。较大的个体比较小的个体大约大四倍，这表明较小的帽贝更容易被掠食。这些影响在位置之间也是一致的。随后的实验室观察表明，螃蟹Carcinus maenas（L。），Nec​​ora puber（L.）和Cancer pagurus（L.）这些螃蟹在当地是丰富的帽贝捕食者，它们的处理行为不同，但在去除底层上的帽贝方面都非常有效。因此，壳的宽度和附着力似乎是影响帽贝被这些蟹捕食的脆弱性的关键因素。已知小鳍动物可以控制东北大西洋沿岸的大量藻类，因此，我们关于流动掠食性动物在调节这些放牧者的数量中所起作用的结论，对于我们对这些海岸生态的更广泛了解至关重要。

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