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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology >Small- and large-scale effect of the SW Atlantic burrowing crab Chasmagnathus granulatus on habitat use by migratory shorebirds
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Small- and large-scale effect of the SW Atlantic burrowing crab Chasmagnathus granulatus on habitat use by migratory shorebirds

机译：SW大西洋穴居蟹Chasmagnathus granulatus对迁徙水鸟栖息地利用的小规模和大规模影响

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Here we address the question of whether the presence of the burrowing crabs Chasmagnathus granulatus affects small- and large-scale habitat use by migrant shorebirds. This crab is the dominant species in soft bare sediments and vegetated intertidal areas along the SW Atlantic estuaries (southern Brazil 28°S to the northern Argentinean Patagonia 42°S). They generate very extensive burrow beds in soft bottom intertidal areas. Our information shows that this burrowing crab affects the small-scale habitat use by shorebirds, given that shorebirds never walk through the funnel-shaped entrances of burrows. Given that crab burrow entrances occupy up to 40% of the intertidal area, there is a large decrease of available shorebird habitat in crab beds, restricting their activity to the spaces between the burrows. The southern migratory shorebird Charadrius falklandicus maximize the use of these areas by foraging closer to the burrows than the other bird species. Neotropical migrants, such as Calidris fuscicollis, Pluvialis squatarola and Tringa melanoleuca, used foraging paths that tended to maximize the distance from burrows, especially the distance to larger burrows. A field experiment showed that this was not necessarily due to a decrease in the availability of polychaetes near the crab burrows. A combination of landscape measurements and satellite images showed that crab beds covered up to 40% of the intertidal area of the Mar Chiquita coastal lagoon (37°40′ S, Argentina), and nearly 100% of the intertidal area of the Bahia Blanca estuary (38°48′ -39°25′ S, Argentina). These two estuaries are located along the migratory flyway of Neotropical migratory shorebirds, but the Bahia Blanca estuary (area～110,000 ha) shows a much lower shorebird diversity than Mar Chiquita (area～4500 ha). The most common species in Bahia Blanca is the two-banded plover C. falklandicus, the species least affected by crabs at Mar Chiquita and which prefers to use high-density crab areas as foraging sites. The oystercatcher Haematopus palliatus was also most abundant in high-density crab areas, but they used these areas for resting. The abundances of preys varied during the study period and between the crab density areas, indicating that the use of these areas by birds is independent of crab density. However, burrowing crabs affect the depth distribution of polychaete and thus their availability to shorebirds. We suggest that this shorebirds-burrowing organism interaction could be generalized for other intertidal estuarine habitats.
机译：在这里，我们要解决的问题是穴居蟹Chasmagnathus granulatus的存在是否会影响迁徙shore鸟的小规模和大规模栖息地使用。该蟹是西南大西洋河口（巴西南部28°S至阿根廷巴塔哥尼亚北部42°S）软裸露沉积物和植被间潮区的主要物种。它们在软底潮间带产生大量的洞穴床。我们的信息表明，这种穴居蟹会影响shore鸟的小规模栖息地使用，因为shore鸟绝不会穿过洞穴的漏斗状入口。考虑到螃蟹的洞穴入口占据了潮间带面积的40％，螃蟹床中可用的水鸟栖息地大大减少，从而限制了它们在洞穴之间的活动。南部迁徙的bird鸟Charadrius falklandicus通过觅食比其他鸟类更靠近洞穴的方式来最大限度地利用这些地区。新热带移民，例如Calidris fuscicollis，Pluvialis squatarola和Tringa melanoleuca，使用觅食路径，这些路径往往使到洞穴的距离最大化，尤其是到更大洞穴的距离。现场实验表明，这不一定是由于蟹洞附近多毛cha的可利用性下降所致。景观测量和卫星图像的结合表明，蟹床覆盖了Mar Chiquita沿海泻湖（南纬37°40′，阿根廷）潮间带面积的40％，以及巴伊亚布兰卡河口潮间带面积的近100％ （38°48′-39°25′S，阿根廷）。这两个河口位于新热带候鸟的迁徙路线上，但巴伊亚布兰卡河口（约110,000公顷）的水鸟多样性要比Mar Chiquita（约4500公顷）低得多。在巴伊亚布兰卡（Bahia Blanca），最常见的物种是两带三叶草C. falklandicus，该物种在Mar Chiquita受到螃蟹的影响最小，并且更喜欢使用高密度螃蟹地区作为觅食地。在高密度螃蟹地区，牡蛎捕虾草（Haematopus palliatus）也最丰富，但他们利用这些地区休息。在研究期间以及蟹的密度区域之间，猎物的数量各不相同，这表明鸟类对这些区域的使用与蟹的密度无关。但是，穴居蟹会影响多毛the的深度分布，从而影响它们对bird的可用性。我们建议，这种沿岸鸟类与穴居生物的相互作用可以推广到其他潮间带河口栖息地。

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