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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology >Free fatty acids and sterols in the benthic spawn of aquatic molluscs, and their associated antimicrobial properties
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Free fatty acids and sterols in the benthic spawn of aquatic molluscs, and their associated antimicrobial properties

机译：水生软体动物底栖产卵中的游离脂肪酸和固醇及其相关的抗菌性能

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摘要

The free lipid content of extracts from the spawn of 17 molluscs were analysed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. These extracts encompass the encapsulated embryos and extraembryonic structures from benthic gelatinous egg masses and leathery egg capsules covering five taxonomic groups. Palmitic and stearic acids were the dominant saturated fatty acids and oleic acid was the principal unsaturated acid found in the spawn. Cholesterol was the dominant sterol and the only sterol found in the spawn from every species. Extracts from gelatinous egg masses were found to contain proportionally more fatty acids compared to leathery egg capsules. No unsaturated fatty acids were found in any of the leathery egg capsules, including five neogastropods and one littorinimorph. Unsaturated fatty acids were present in all of the gelatinous egg masses, including two other littorinimorphs. This is the first study to demonstrate that unsaturated fatty acids possess significant bacteriolytic activity against four aquatic pathogens. Encapsulated Anaspidea egg masses contain relatively high concentrations of these unsaturated fatty acids and a lipid mixture modeled on these extracts was strongly bacteriolytic at concentrations down to 0.0001 mg/ml. By comparison, lipid mixtures modeled on extracts from the spawn of four other molluscan taxa with higher proportions of saturated fatty acid and cholesterol, were only partially active against some of the bacteria at 0.1 mg/ml. Thus, unsaturated fatty acids could explain the antimicrobial activity previously reported in lipid extracts of some, but not most, molluscan spawn. MDS ordination and ANOSIM revealed significant taxonomic differences in the composition of free lipids from molluscan spawn, suggesting that lipid analyses may be useful in future systematic studies of the Mollusca.
机译：通过气相色谱/质谱法分析了17种软体动物产卵中提取物的游离脂质含量。这些提取物涵盖了底栖的胶状卵团和覆盖五个分类组的革质卵囊的包囊胚和胚外结构。棕榈酸和硬脂酸是主要的饱和脂肪酸，油酸是产卵中发现的主要不饱和酸。胆固醇是主要的固醇，也是每个物种产生的唯一固醇。发现与胶状鸡蛋胶囊相比，胶状鸡蛋块中的提取物按比例含有更多的脂肪酸。在任何皮制的卵囊中均未发现不饱和脂肪酸，包括五个新腹足类动物和一个littorinimorph。不饱和脂肪酸存在于所有胶状蛋团中，包括其他两种石蜡样。这是第一个证明不饱和脂肪酸对四种水生病原体具有显着的细菌分解活性的研究。包囊的菠萝蜜卵团块含有相对较高浓度的这些不饱和脂肪酸，并且以这些提取物为模型的脂质混合物在浓度低至0.0001 mg / ml时具有很强的杀菌作用。相比之下，以另外四种软体动物类群的产卵提取物为模型的脂质混合物，其饱和脂肪酸和胆固醇的比例更高，对某些细菌的部分活性仅为0.1 mg / ml。因此，不饱和脂肪酸可以解释先前报道的某些但不是大多数软体动物产卵的脂质提取物中的抗菌活性。 MDS排序和ANOSIM显示，软体动物产卵中游离脂质的组成在分类学上存在显着差异，这表明脂质分析可能对软体动物的未来系统研究有用。

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