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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology >Influence of natural dissolved organic matter (DOM) on acute and chronic toxicity of the pesticides chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos and fipronil on the meiobenthic estuarine copepod Amphiascus tenuiremis
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Influence of natural dissolved organic matter (DOM) on acute and chronic toxicity of the pesticides chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos and fipronil on the meiobenthic estuarine copepod Amphiascus tenuiremis

机译：天然溶解性有机物（DOM）对农药百菌清，毒死rif和氟虫腈对中底河口co足类Am虫（Amphiascus tenuiremis）的急性和慢性毒性的影响

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Dissolved organic matter (DOM) represents an important carbon phase in coastal environments and influences the partitioning of organic contaminants. In this study, we evaluated the role of salt-marsh sediment-derived DOM vs. DOM-free seawater on the acute and chronic toxicity of three pesticides (chlorothalonil—CHTH, chlorpyrifos—CHPY and fipronil—FIP) to the meiobenthic copepod Amphiascus tenuiremis. Acute toxicity was evaluated via standard 96-h median lethal concentration (LC_(50)), while chronic toxicity was evaluated for 16 days using a 96-well microplate life-cycle bioassay. DOM significantly reduced (p < 0.05) acute toxicity of CHTH and CHPY to male and female copepods relative to copepods exposed in DOM-free seawater. In contrast, DOM elevated the acute toxicity of FIP to male copepods. In chronic exposures with/without DOM, CHTH and CHPY did not significantly affect copepodite-to-adult development. In these treatments, plus controls, the majority (95%) of copepodites developed into adults by 8 days. Individuals exposed to FIP in the presence of DOM showed a slower development rate than FIP individuals in DOM-free seawater. Overall, FIP exposed copepodites developed into adult copepods 4 days later than controls. CHTH, CHPY and FIP significantly reduced reproductive success by 33%, 31% and 89%, respectively. DOM, however, mitigated 30% (p=0.006) and 20% (p=0.05) of the reproductive failure attributed to CHTH and CHPY. FIP-induced reproductive failure was high (～80%) in all exposures regardless of DOM presence/absence. An exponential growth model predicted that exposure to CHTH, CHPY and FIP in the absence of DOM significantly reduced ( ≥ 38%) projected naupliar production relative to DOM-free controls. In the presence of DOM, naupliar production under CHTH and CHPY exposures was not significantly different (p > 0.05) from control projections. These results indicate that DOM generally reduced the acute and chronic toxicity of CHTH and CHPY to A. tenuiremis, while certain compound-specific pesticide (FIP): organic associations may enhance acute toxicity of FIP, particularly to male copepods.
机译：溶解有机物（DOM）代表沿海环境中的重要碳相，并影响有机污染物的分配。在这项研究中，我们评估了源自盐沼沉积物的DOM和不含DOM的海水对三种农药（百菌清-CHTH，毒死rif-CHPY和氟虫腈-FIP）对中底co足co足类Amphiascus tenuiremis的急性和慢性毒性的作用。 。通过标准的96小时中位致死浓度（LC_（50））评估急性毒性，而使用96孔微孔板生命周期生物测定法评估16天的慢性毒性。相对于无DOM海水中暴露的co足类动物，DOM显着降低了CHTH和CHPY对雄性和雌性acute足类动物的急性毒性（p <0.05）。相反，DOM增加了FIP对to足类动物的急性毒性。在有/无DOM的慢性暴露中，CHTH和CHPY不会显着影响蛇足石到成人的发育。在这些治疗中，加上对照，到八天时，大多数（95％）of足类动物会发育成成人。在没有DOM的海水中，暴露于DOM的FIP个体的发育速度比FIP个体慢。总体而言，暴露于FIP的pe足类比对照组晚4天发展为成年co足类。 CHTH，CHPY和FIP分别使生殖成功率分别降低了33％，31％和89％。但是，DOM缓解了CHTH和CHPY导致的生殖衰竭的30％（p = 0.006）和20％（p = 0.05）。无论有无DOM，所有暴露中FIP引起的生殖衰竭都很高（〜80％）。一个指数增长模型预测，与没有DOM的对照组相比，在没有DOM的情况下暴露于CHTH，CHPY和FIP会显着减少（≥38％）预计的无节幼体产量。在DOM的存在下，CHTH和CHPY暴露下的幼虫产量与对照预测无显着差异（p> 0.05）。这些结果表明，DOM通常会降低CHTH和CHPY对tenuiremis的急性和慢性毒性，而某些化合物特异性农药（FIP）：有机缔合可能会增强FIP的急性毒性，特别是对男性co足类动物。

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