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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology >Resilience of predators to fishing pressure on coral patch reefs
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Resilience of predators to fishing pressure on coral patch reefs

机译：捕食者对捕捞珊瑚礁的压力有弹性

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Numbers and biomass of piscivorous fish and their predation on other fish may often be high in undisturbed coral reef communities. The effects of such predation have sometimes been studied by removal of piscivores (either experimentally or by fishermen). Such perturbations have usually involved removal of large, highly vulnerable, mobile piscivores that are often actively sought in fisheries. The effects of fishing on smaller, demersal, semi-resident piscivores have been little studied. We studied such effects on the fish communities of patch reefs at Midway atoll by experimentally removing major resident, demersal, piscivorous fishes. First, four control reefs and four experimental reefs were selected, their dimensions and habitats mapped, and their visible fish communities censused repeatedly over 1 year. Census of all control and experimental reefs was continued for the following 39 months, during which known piscivores were collected repeatedly by hand spearing. Records were kept of catch and effort to calculate CPUE as an index of predator density. Spearfishing on the experimental reefs removed 2504 piscivorous fish from 12 families and 43 taxa (mostly species). The species richness of the catch did not show an overall change over the duration of the experiment. Spearman rank correlation analysis showed some unexpected positive correlations for density in numbers and biomass of major fished piscivorous groups (especially lizardfish) over the experiment. Only two relatively minor fished piscivorous taxa declined in abundance over the experiment, while the overall abundance of piscivores increased. Visual censuses of fish on the experimental reefs also failed to show reduction of total piscivores over the full experimental period. No significant trend in the abundance of lizardfish censused over the full period was apparent on any of the control reefs. The high resilience of piscivores on these experimental reefs to relatively intense fishing pressure could result from their protracted recruitment seasons, high immigration rates, cryptic habits, or naturally high abundances. A major factor was the high immigration rates of lizardfish, replacing lizardfish and other less mobile piscivores removed from the reefs by spearing. On the fished reefs, the removed lizardfish population replaced itself >20 times during the experiment; other piscivorous taxa replaced themselves only 5 times. Published by Elsevier B.V.
机译：在不受干扰的珊瑚礁群落中，带食性鱼类的数量和生物量以及它们对其他鱼类的捕食通常可能很高。有时已经通过去除食肉动物（通过实验或由渔民）研究了这种捕食的影响。这种干扰通常涉及到大型的，高度脆弱的，移动的食肉动物的去除，而这些食肉动物通常是在渔业中积极寻找的。捕捞对较小的，沉没的，半定居的食肉动物的影响尚未得到研究。我们通过实验性地去除了主要的常驻，沉没，食鱼性鱼类，对中途岛环礁的鱼类群落的这种影响进行了研究。首先，选择了四个控制礁和四个实验礁，绘制了它们的大小和栖息地，并在一年多的时间里对它们的可见鱼类群落进行了普查。在接下来的39个月中，继续进行所有礁石和实验礁的普查，在此期间，通过手工矛头反复收集了已知的食肉动物。保留了记录，以计算CPUE作为捕食者密度的指标。在实验珊瑚礁上进行鱼捕捞，从12个家庭和43个分类单元（主要是种类）中去除了2504食鱼。在整个实验过程中，捕获物的物种丰富度并未显示出整体变化。 Spearman等级相关性分析显示，在整个实验过程中，主要鱼食性食鱼（尤其是蜥蜴鱼）的数量和生物量密度存在一些出乎意料的正相关。在整个实验过程中，只有两个相对较小的鱼食性食肉类群数量减少，而食肉动物的总体数量增加。在实验珊瑚礁上进行的视觉鱼类普查也未能显示出整个实验期内食肉动物的总数减少。在任何一个对照礁石上，在整个时期内进行的大量蜥蜴鱼普查没有明显趋势。食肉动物在这些实验性礁石上对相对较高的捕鱼压力具有高度的复原力，这可能是由于它们的长期征募季节，高移民率，隐秘习惯或自然而然的丰度所致。一个主要因素是蜥蜴鱼的高迁移率，取代了通过矛从礁石上移走的蜥蜴鱼和其他流动性较小的食肉动物。在实验过程中，在鱼礁上，移走的蜥蜴种群自我更换的次数> 20次；其他食鱼类生物只更换了5次。由Elsevier B.V.发布

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